Introduction Migration is as old as humanity. During the last decades it increased in intensity, importance and complexity. It takes places due to various reasons such as the quest for better living and working conditions (the so-called “pull” factors), the escape from violence, persecution and adverse conditions e.g. environmental catastrophes (the so-called “push” factors), and the smuggling ...

We describe a stochastic network interdiction model for locating sensors that detect nuclear material. A nuclear material smuggler selects a path through a transportation network that maximizes the probability of avoiding detection. An interdictor installs sensors to minimize that maximum probability. We formulate this problem as a bi-level stochastic mixed-integer program, and then focus on a ...

Mangrove forests in Indonesia constitute 23% of the world’s mangrove ecosystem. This has an impact on high rate production which triggers export smuggling. In fact, prohibition smuggling been regulated Article 102A letter e Customs Law. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze judges’ considerations deciding cases. doctrinal legal research applied a case approach and used secondary data obtained...

Although smuggling is commonly assumed to happen in remote and difficult-to-access borderlands, reality, most prevalent areas that states tightly control, including at formal border crossings. To understand this puzzle, article explores the relationship between smugglers international borders. Based on extensive empirical research various borderlands North Africa Southeast Asia, it argues diffe...

The international illegal trade of rare flora and fauna objects has long been an acute issue. At the same time, a significant volume smuggled species animals plants falls on Russian Federation. In order to counter criminal encroachments against endangered aquatic biological resources, amendments were made legislation, including Article 226.1. Criminal Code Federation, in accordance with which l...

We use four data sets (two from law enforcement, two from user reports) to estimate that the current price gradient for marijuana in the United States is $300 $1000 per pound per thousand miles, with $450 being perhaps the best guess. We take this as a measure of the cost of smuggling marijuana through parts of the US interior where marijuana is illegal. We combine this gradient with estimates ...

Drug smuggling is a worldwide problem with many negative e ects on the society. It is important to understand and predict smuggler's behavior in order to best position patrolling assets and disrupt his supply chain. The goal of this thesis is formalize smuggler's behavior and compare it with real-world data. Smuggler's route planner makes the main component of this thesis, it's formalized as bi...