Complex mixtures of carcinogenic metalloids, such as arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are common environmental contaminants. The biological consequences of exposure to these mixtures are unpredictable and, although the health effects of individual chemicals may be known, the toxicity of environmental mixtures is largely unexplored. Arsenic, not ...

Separation of aromatic/non-aromatic mixtures by membrane based pervaportion process is usually analyzed by the solution-diffusion model which assumes that a permeating component is first dissolved in the membrane and then diffuses through the membrane due to its driving force. Therefore, the separate evaluation of sorption equilibria is necessary in order to determine the controlling step in ov...

Maturation of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in terms of size, reliability, and cost has had a significant impact on its consideration as a viable detector for gas chromatography. Its generally excellent sensitivity for those elements it can measure has been a contributing factor. A method for sulfur speciation in various hydrocarbon products is investigated, as well as s...

An investigation of the process by which bubbles form in superheated liquid-liquid emulsions is reported. A theoretical model for the rate of bubble nucleation is developed that is valid for any binary liquid system. Because of the interesting "microexplosion" phenomenon postulated to occur during combustion of fuel/water emulsions, special attention is focused on hydrocarbon/ water/surfactant ...

BACKGROUND: Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), anthracene (ANTH) and chrysene (CHRY) are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) implicated in renal toxicity and carcinogenesis. These PAHs elicit cell type-specific effects that help predict toxicity outcomes in vitro and in vivo. While BaP and ANTH selectively injure glomerular mesangial cells, and CHRY targets cortico-tubular epithelial cells, binary or t...

M. J. Kushner Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA E-mail: [email protected] Y. Yang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA M. Strobel, S. Kirk Corporate Research Process Laboratory, 3M Company, 3M Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144, USA aPart 1: ...

The awareness to protect the environment from the harmful effects of CFCs has motivated the refrigeration scientists and engineers to study alternative refrigerants to replace the CFCs even in the existing units. This paper presents a thermodynamic study of hydrocarbon blends (Propane/lsobutane) and blends of HFC-134a-HC-600a as a possible "drop-in" (some electrical component to be changed to m...

The concept of a surface combustion microengine that is fuelled by volatile hydrocarbons at room temperature is demonstrated on a microcantilever covered with a thin layer of titanium oxide (TiO(2)). Exposing this microengine to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and hydrocarbon vapor produces controlled bending of the microcantilever as a result of differential stress produced by photocatalytic oxidat...

During these last years, many investigations have been made on sulphur elimination processes from hydrocarbon feedstocks because of environmental regulations which are more and more strict. This is a study on a plasma process dedicated to heavy hydrocarbon hydrotreatment and hazardous substances removing such as sulphur compounds. It is a co-processing of a fluidized spouted bed and an inductiv...