This paper reviews the healthcare system, available dental care, and oral health status of people in Pakistan. Considering the enormous unmet oral health needs, the insufficient supply of dental professionals and the current unstructured dental hygiene curriculum in Pakistan, a mission, vision, and goals for professional dental hygiene in Pakistan is recommended. The authors offer recommendatio...

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium and is considered to be one of the most common conditions affecting oral hygiene [1]. There are over 800 species of bacteria identified in the oral cavity [2], many of which may contribute to poor oral hygiene with modifiable risk factors such as smoking [3]. Poor oral hygiene has recently been associated with nume...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene in Italian and American adolescents and to assess whether sleep-hygiene practices mediate the relationship between culture and sleep quality. METHODS Two nonprobability samples were collected from public schools in Rome, Italy, and Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Students complet...

Lack of improved hygiene environment is one of the main risk factors of diarrhea and pneumonia among children aged under five in the world. These diseases are leading causes of death among them. In Kenya, located in the sub-Saharan Africa region, the health of ECD children is neglected. Diarrhea and pneumonia account for approximately one-third of under-five deaths. Changing hygiene practices a...

The 'hygiene hypothesis' as originally formulated by Strachan, proposes that a cause of the recent rapid rise in atopic disorders could be a lower incidence of infection in early childhood, transmitted by unhygienic contact with older siblings. Use of the term 'hygiene hypothesis' has led to several interpretations, some of which are not supported by a broader survey of the evidence. The increa...