BACKGROUND Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) primarily occurs after rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. There are no proven effective therapies for ODS, but we describe the first case showing the successful treatment of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) by plasma exchange, which occurred after rapid development of hypernatremia from intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy. CASE PRESEN...

Study objectiveEarly risk stratification of septic patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is challenging. The aim study was evaluate prognostic role plasmatic sodium level (PNa+) derangements at ED presentation in patients.MethodsAccording PNa+ were divided eunatremic (136–145 mEq/L), hypernatremic (>145 mEq/L) and hyponatremic (<136 mEq/L). Hyponatremic subsequently mild (130–135...

Severe hyperkalemia requires urgent medical attention and correction in order to prevent arrhythmic complications. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a cation exchange resin commonly used in the management of hyperkalemia. A recent review raised concerns regarding its effectiveness and potential adverse effects. Hypernatremia in adults in the setting of sodium polystyrene sulfonate therapy h...

pernatremia is a relatively common electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized patients and considered an independent predictor for increased mortality. Concomitant sepsis thromboembolism are also with severe hypernatremia management of the fluid therapy challenging issue

Introduction: Dehydration (DSH) in newborns can have potentially fatal consequences such as cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage, subdural haematoma, hydrocephalus and gangrene. In light of the increasing number with dehydration, there is a strong need to increase awareness raise suspicion diagnosis this condition. Objective: To describe dehydration newborn, its complications method approp...

A 42-year-old high risk pregnant female presented with hyponatremia from multiple causes and was treated with total parenteral nutrition. She developed acute hypernatremia due to the stage of pregnancy and other comorbidities. All the mechanisms of hyponatremia and hypernatremia were summarized here in our case report. This case has picture (graph) representation of parameters that led to chang...