In critically ill infants and children, intravascular (IV) access is sometimes very difficult. In such cases intraosseous (IO) infusion should be used as the method of choice. However, in practice, different problems are experienced with this procedure. To overcome the practical problems and to confirm the efficacy of IO infusion in reversing hypovolemic shock, an animal model was used by ...

results we performed rush on 77 patients. kappa index was 0.71 (p value = 0.000), reflecting acceptable general agreement between initial impression and final diagnosis. for hypovolemic, cardiogenic and obstructive shock, the protocol had an npv above 97% yet it had a lower ppv. for shock with distributive or mixed etiology, rush showed a ppv of 100% but it had low sensitivity. subgroup analysi...

an animal model was designed to study the effect of large volume hypertonic solutions (hts) for re suscitation following a hypovolemic shock. resuscitation in hypovolemic animals was performed by infusion of 15 ml/kg of normal saline (group i), 5% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3) (group ii), 5% sodium chloride (naci) and 7.5 % nahco3 1:1 vn (group iii), 5% nac1 (group iv), and 5% nacl and 5% serum a...

A mathematical description of blood volume restoration after hemorrhage with resuscitative fluids, particularly hyperosmotic solutions, is presented. It is based on irreversible thermodynamic transport equations and known physiological data. The model shows that after a 20% hemorrhage, the rapid addition of a hypertonic (7.5% NaCl)-hyperoncotic (6% Dextran 70) solution amounting to one-seventh ...

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is an uncommon disorder defined as multiple foci of gas within the intestinal wall. Despite recognition of an increasing number of cases of PI, the optimal management strategy, whether through surgical or other means, remains controversial. The present report describes the case of a patient with PI who underwent exploratory laparotomy without specific findings and ...

The systematic failure to recognise and appropriately treat children with severe malnutrition has been attributed to the elevated case-fatality rates, often as high as 50%, that still prevail in many hospitals in Africa. Children admitted to Kilifi District Hospital, on the coast of Kenya, with severe malnutrition frequently have life-threatening features and complications, many of which are no...

Antepartum hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. It can result in hypovolemic shock leading to circulatory arrest during pregnancy. A well-planned strategy is required for its management in all hospitals. To deliver a woman in this situation is a dilemma, which needs very prompt decision and a swift speedy action. Not only the woman's life is in danger, the fetu...

Half of trauma deaths are attributable to hypovolemic circulatory collapse (HCC). We established a model of HCC in rats involving minor trauma plus severe hemorrhagic shock (HS). HCC in this model was accompanied by a 50% reduction in peak acceleration of aortic blood flow and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HCC and apoptosis increased with increasing duration of hypotension. Apoptosis required resusc...