Inheritance of a defective copy of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene leads to the most common cause of inherited renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In addition, most patients with sporadic RCC have aberrant VHL. In the absence of VHL, hypoxia-inducible factor alpha accumulates, leading to production of several growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth fact...

Mammalian metallothionein (MT) genes are transcriptionally activated by the essential metal zinc as well as by environmental stresses, including toxic metal overload and redox fluctuations. In addition to playing a key role in zinc homeostasis, MT proteins can protect against metaland oxidant-induced cellular damage, and may participate in other fundamental physiologic and pathologic processes ...

Mammalian metallothionein (MT) genes are transcriptionally activated by the essential metal zinc as well as by environmental stresses, including toxic metal overload and redox fluctuations. In addition to playing a key role in zinc homeostasis, MT proteins can protect against metal- and oxidant-induced cellular damage, and may participate in other fundamental physiologic and pathologic processe...

A plasmid for cytoglobin expression, pAcGFP1-C1-cytoglobin, was transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Cobalt chloride was used to establish a model of hypoxia. Western blotting indicated that cytoglobin was overexpressed and there was low expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in SH-SY5Y cells after transfection. Following cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia, cytoglobin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α...

Hypoxia triggers several mechanisms to adapt cells to a low oxygen environment. Mitochondria are major consumers of oxygen and a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to hypoxia they exchange or modify distinct subunits of the respiratory chain and adjust their metabolism, especially lowering the citric acid cycle. Intermediates of the citric acid cycle participate in r...