Hysteresis effect on unemployment is a much discussed topic in macroeconomics. However, empirical findings regarding the existence of hysteresis effect are contradictory. The present study investigates hysteresis in the unemployment rates of the Visegrad Group countries, namely: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. For this purpose it employs the following three econometric methods...

The hysteresis area as a function of frequency of the time-varying external electric field—hysteresis dispersion—for ferroelectric Pb~Zr0.52Ti0.48!O3 is measured, and the Monte-Carlo simulation on the hysteresis dispersion for a model ferroelectric lattice is performed too. We demonstrate the scaling behavior of the single-peaked hysteresis dispersion for the two ferroelectric systems, predicti...

Based on the core hysteresis features, the RTD-fluxgate core, while working, is repeatedly saturated with excitation field. When the fluxgate simulates, the accurate characteristic model of the core may provide a precise simulation result. As the shape of the ideal hysteresis loop model is fixed, it cannot accurately reflect the actual dynamic changing rules of the hysteresis loop. In order to ...

The inherent hysteresis in a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) makes it difficult to control accurately the position of the PAM’s end effector. This hysteresis causes energy loss and the area of the hysteresis loop is dependent on the amplitude of the motion and on the underlying causes of the hysteresis phenomenon. This means that if the hysteresis energy loss is properly compensated, a more a...

Smart actuators, such as shape memory alloy (SMA) and magnetostrictive actuators, exhibit saturation nonlinearity and hysteresis that may be symmetric or asymmetric. The Prandtl–Ishlinskii model employing classical play operators has been used to describe the hysteresis properties of smart actuators that are symmetric in nature. In this study, the application of a generalized play operator capa...

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) assist in subzero tolerance of multiple cold-tolerant organisms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc. IBPs include: (1) antifreeze proteins (AFPs) with high thermal hysteresis antifreeze activity; (2) low thermal hysteresis IBPs; and (3) ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). Several structurally different IBPs have evolved, even within related taxa. Proteins that produce ...

PURPOSE To examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in corneal hysteresis and ocular pulse amplitude by performing a classic twin study. DESIGN Cross-sectional twin study. PARTICIPANTS AND/OR CONTROLS Two hundred sixty-four twin pairs: 135 monozygotic (MZ) and 129 dizygotic (DZ). METHODS Corneal hysteresis was measured using the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reiche...

Thixotropic properties are one of the low temperature rheology behaviors of gelled waxy crudes. In order to study the thixotropic behavior of gelled waxy crudes oil under cyclic loading of linear increasing and decreasing of shear rate, three different types of waxy crude oil were studied experimentally by using MARSIII rheometer. It is found that hysteresis loop area could represent strength o...

Fender and Julesz [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 819 (1967)] moved pairs of retinally stabilized images across the temporalward visual fields and found significant differences between the disparities that elicited fusion and the disparities at which fusion was lost. They recognized this phenomenon as an example of hysteresis. In the work reported in this paper, binocular retinally stabilized images of v...

Hysteresis of the nasal airway pressure-flow relationship (PFR) is seen during hyperpnea, with lower nasal resistance during increasing inspiratory flow than during decreasing flow. We hypothesized that the nasal PFR hysteresis arose in the nasal vestibule airway because of progressive collapse during the inspiration. We measured the inspiratory transnasal and transvestibular PFR for one nasal ...