Interoceptive (feelings from inside organs) attention/awareness (IAA) is a body-related aspect of cognition that pursues homeostasis by detecting afferent signals, and there are practices aimed at focusing one's attention and awareness towards such feelings inside one's own body. There is a claim that these practices improve health which is one reason that neural correlates of such practices an...

During seed germination, sugars and auxin are produced from stored precursors or conjugates respectively, and transported to the seedling axis. To elucidate the mode of travel of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) into the phloem, a solution of [(3)H]IAA, together with [(14)C]sucrose, was injected into the endosperm cavity harboring the cotyledons of germinating seedlings of Ricinus communis Phloem exu...

In a screen for enhancers of tir1-1 auxin resistance, we identified two novel alleles of the putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha-subunit, IAA-Alanine Resistant4 (IAR4). In addition to enhancing the auxin response defects of tir1-1, iar4 single mutants exhibit numerous auxin-related phenotypes including auxin-resistant root growth and reduced lateral root development, as well a...

The polar transport of the natural auxins indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been described in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls using radioactive tracers. Because radioactive assays alone cannot distinguish IBA from its metabolites, the detected transport from applied [3H]IBA may have resulted from the transport of IBA metabolites, including IAA. To test...

Background The phytohormone auxin is critical for plant growth and orchestrates many developmental processes. Scope This review considers the complex array of mechanisms plants use to control auxin levels, the movement of auxin through the plant, the emerging view of auxin-signalling mechanisms, and several interactions between auxin and other phytohormones. Though many natural and synthetic co...

Auxin is the mobile signal controlling the rate of growth and specific aspects of the development of plants. It has been known for over a century that auxins act as the messenger linking plant development to specific environmental changes. An often overlooked aspect of how this is accomplished is the effect of the environment on metabolism of the major plant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). W...

Sources of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for the mesocotyl of intact etiolized maize ((Zea mays L.) seedlings are evaluated. The coleoptile unit, which includes the primary leaves and the coleoptilar node, is the main source of free IAA for the mesocotyl. The seed and the roots are not immediate sources of IAA supply. Dependence of the apical growing region of the mesocotyl on the coleoptile ...

The amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was measured in peach fruits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selective ion monitoring using an isotope dilution assay with [(13)C(6)]IAA as an internal standard throughout the growing season. Ethylene evolution of the fruit was also measured. IAA levels were 25 nanograms per gram fresh weight, 18 days after anthesis. Both IAA levels and rates of ...

Auxin regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Auxin is known to regulate gene expression through degradation of the AUX/IAA proteins, short-lived nuclear proteins that regulate gene transcription. The AUX/IAA proteins are degraded through the action of a ubiquitin protein ligase called SCF. Auxin promotes the interaction between AUX/IAA proteins and SCF in a soluble extract, sug...

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and is known to have many effects including cell proliferation enhancement and antioxidant property. However, no study has revealed its defensive effects against oxidative toxicity in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In this study, we investigated the effects of IAA on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidati...