Although everyone has an intuitive perception of the concept of " order " , it is by no means obvious how to define and to characterize order in mathematical terms. As often, it is a good idea to look what Nature has to offer. In the physical world, the paradigm of order is a perfect crystal. Its regular macro-scopic features derive from an underlying lattice structure where the atoms are arran...

This paper addresses the question of whether or not nursing can legitimately be considered as a science. It is proposed that an adequate answer to this question requires consideration of recent developments in philosophy of science (as urged by Paley). It is shown that such developments call into question the 'rational image' of science. However, a defence of the legitimacy of the scientific en...

This paper argues that the English idea of empire in the reign of Elizabeth I was derivative, belated and incoherent. Its sources were classical and continental rather than indigenous. It arose more than a century after the Scottish monarchy had elaborated its own conception of empire. Moreover, it expressed a sense of backwardness, isolation and anxiety that mirrored the English failure to est...

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In this paper we propose the concept of an inverted cloud infrastructure. The traditional view of a cloud is turned upside down: instead of having services or infrastructure offered by a single provider, the same can be achieved by an aggregation of a multitude of mini providers. Even though the contribution of an individual mini provider in an inverted cloud can be limited, the combination wou...

The IDEA League is a close collaboration on strategic policy issues between four European technological universities that are committed to the highest international standards in both research and education. We illustrate how the four universities established common educational quality management principles in response to the Bologna declaration and the increasing competition in attracting the b...

Available online 20 December 2012

Block cipher encryption algorithms generally process on word structures of fixed length such as 8 or 16bits. IDEA is one of the most widely used block ciphers and operates on 16-bit words. Square analysis is a method that exploits the word structure of block ciphers. Some square distinguishers of IDEA are given in previous studies. The best attacks against IDEA use square-like techniques. In th...

“Intelligent Design” (ID) is the name given to a new school of thought regarding the origin and evolution of life on earth. While it claims no specific spiritual allegiance, it argues that living things are “irreducibly complex” and, therefore, clearly the product of intentional design. As a scientific theory, ID is little more than a rhetorical device; no independent research or evidence are p...

A preliminary analysis has been conducted to examine the tau neutrino mass using τ → 5π ντ events from Delphi LEP 1 data. This has been performed using the recently developed Integrated DElphi Analysis framework (IDEA), the testing and evaluation of which was a motivation for this project. The physics of obtaining a limit on the tau neutrino mass is briefly described, with a discussion of the c...