Security is the major area of concern in communication channel. Security is very crucial in wireless sensor networks which are deployed in remote environments. Adversary can disrupt the communication within multi hop sensor networks by launching the attack. The common attacks which disrupt the communication of nodes are packet dropping, packet modification, packet fake routing, badmouthing atta...

Abasic sites and single base bulges are thermodynamically destabilizing DNA defects that can lead to cancerous transformations if left unrepaired by the cell. Here we discuss the binding properties with abasic sites and single base bulges of Rh(bpy)(2)(chrysi)(3+), a complex previously shown to bind thermodynamically destabilized mismatch sites via metalloinsertion. Photocleavage experiments sh...

We first extend the digital binomial identity as given by Nguyen et al. to an identity in an arbitrary base b, by introducing the b-ary binomial coefficients. Then, we study the properties of these coefficients such as their orthogonality, their link with Lucas’ theorem and their extension to multinomial coefficients. Finally, we analyze the structure of the corresponding b-ary Pascal-like tria...

For W a finite Coxeter group, a formula is found for the size of W equivalence classes of subsets of a base. The proof is a case-by-case analysis using results and tables of Orlik and Solomon. As a corollary we obtain an alternating sum identity which generalizes a well-known identity from the theory of Coxeter groups.

This study investigated three factors that contribute to social exclusion: group norms, individual characteristics, and stereotypes. Non-Arab American 12- and 16-year-olds (N = 199) judged their expectations about the inclusivity of Arab American and non-Arab American peer groups toward new peers characterized by: (a) different ethnic identity but similar interests (e.g., hobbies) and (b) same ...

Criteria for the design of gene-specific and group-specific oligonucleotide probes were established experimentally via an oligonucleotide array that contained perfect match (PM) and mismatch probes (50-mers and 70-mers) based upon four genes. The effects of probe-target identity, continuous stretch, mismatch position, and hybridization free energy on specificity were tested. Little hybridizatio...

tive to environmental changes. As such, they are excellent models to study disease emergence in a changing world, with more intense commercial exchanges, climate changes, and social and economic alterations. To address this question, a research framework was developed by the EDEN project on vector-borne, emerging diseases in a changing European environment. Because southern countries are poorly...

Random mutagenesis followed by an in vitro selection procedure was shown to be capable of identifying important bases of the hairpin ribozyme for cleavage of an RNA target sequence. The selection scheme enriched the RNA population for those molecules capable of efficient site-specific self-cleavage in the absence of ligation. Cleavable mutants were selected for all positions in loop 4 except fo...

Measurements of ionic currents through nanopores partially blocked by DNA have emerged as a powerful method for characterization of the DNA nucleotide sequence. Although the effect of the nucleotide sequence on the nanopore blockade current has been experimentally demonstrated, prediction and interpretation of such measurements remain a formidable challenge. Using atomic resolution computationa...