There is a tension between the idea that idioms can be both listed in the lexicon, and the idea that they are themselves composed of the lexical items which seem to inhabit them in the standard way. In other words, in order to maintain the insight that idioms actually contain the words they look like they contain, we need to derive them syntactically from these words. However, the entity that s...

Design patterns describe simple and elegant solutions to specific problems in software design. Usually designers have to perform ad hoc transformations in order to introduce them. Most of the time they do not want to introduce or change between patterns that result in a design with conflicting semantics. This is difficult to guarantee by performing ad-hoc transformations. In this paper, we use ...

3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

During the late 1960s, music educators introduced the idioms of post-war modernism (otherwise known as the avant-garde) into British classrooms. As a result, creative music making, composing and improvisation, became an established part of the curriculum. However the actual idioms of musical modernism have largely vanished from schools. The writer explores the reasons for this decline, while ac...

This paper describes a technique for extracting idioms from text. The technique works by finding patterns such as “thrills and spills”, whose reversals (such as “spills and thrills”) are never encountered. This method collects not only idioms, but also many phrases that exhibit a strong tendency to occur in one particular order, due apparently to underlying semantic issues. These include hierar...

this study aimed to investigate how iranian efl learners performed in producing sentences containing idioms and whether they had any problems in producing such sentences. this query, subsequently, raised the question of whether idioms influenced the participants’ grammaticality judgment on idiom-containing sentences. for this purpose, firstly, the writings of 24 learners were investigated for a...

We describe an algorithm for automatic classification of idiomatic and literal expressions. Our starting point is that idioms and literal expressions occur in different contexts. Idioms tend to violate cohesive ties in local contexts, while literals are expected to fit in. Our goal is to capture this intuition using a vector representation of words. We propose two approaches: (1) Compute inner ...

In today’s digital world automated Machine Translation of one language to another has covered a long way to achieve different kinds of success stories. Whereas Babel Fish supports a good number of foreign languages and only Hindi from Indian languages, the Google Translator takes care of about 10 Indian languages. Though most of the Automated Machine Translation Systems are doing well but handl...

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been widely used in recent years with significant improvements for many language pairs. Although state-of-the-art NMT systems are generating progressively better translations, idiom translation remains one of the open challenges in this field. Idioms, a category of multiword expressions, are an interesting language phenomenon where the overall meaning of the...

In this paper, I investigate the phonological similarity of different elements of the phonological pole of multi-word units. I discuss two case studies on slightly different levels of abstractness. The first case study investigates lexically fully-specified V-NP idioms such as kick the bucket and lose one's cool; the idioms investigated are taken from the Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Idioms (2...