Yeast immobilization is defined as the physical confinement of intact cells to a region of space with conservation of biological activity. The use of these methodologies for alcoholic fermentation (AF) offers many advantages over the use of the conventional free yeast cell method and different immobilization systems have been proposed so far for different applications, like winemaking. The most...

Chemical surface modification methods were investigated to activate surface of poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for probe immobilization in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The investigations started from dramatization of PDMS surface with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES). Amino groups generated by APTES were either derived into carboxyl group by Succinic acid anhydride (SAA), th...

Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes capable to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or even between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. Because of the increasing interest for industrial applications of these enzymes, the immobilization of GH has become an important development in order to improve its activity, stability, as well as the possibility of its reuse in ...

entrapment of permeabilized whole cells within a matrix is a common method for immobilization. chitosan possesses distinct chemical and biological properties, which make it a suitable matrix for entrapment and immobilization of penicillin g acylase (pga). in the first step, escherichia coli (atcc 11105) cells were permeabilized using n-cetyl-n,n,n-trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) (0.1% w/v, 45...

This study examined the influence of immobilization on chondrocyte apoptosis and histological features of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion and knee articular cartilage in rabbits. Forty-eight male Japanese white rabbits were assigned to an immobilization (n = 24) or sham (n = 24) group. Rabbits in the immobilization group underwent complete unilateral surgical knee immobilization ...

[Purpose] To study muscle atrophy, the muscle atrophy model mice have been used frequently. In particular, cast immobilization is the most common method to induce muscle atrophy. However, it is time consuming and often causes adverse events including skin injury, edema, and necrosis. The present study, we developed a hook-and-loop fastener (Velcro) immobilization method as a new, simple, and le...

The present work was carried out to study the involvement of lipid peroxidation in immobilization-induced damage of the rat lung Thirty-hour immobilization stress was found to result in a marked morphological alteration of the lung ultrastructure and in significant increases of both acid and alkaline phosphatase for immobilization times exceeding 12 and 24 hours respectively Also, increased con...

This study was conducted to determine whether the mode of sperm immobilization prior to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) influences fertilization by immature spermatozoa. Of the 837 ICSI cycles evaluated, 81 were performed with epididymal or testicular spermatozoa; 35 cycles with epididymal spermatozoa immobilized in the standard fashion resulted in fertilization and pregnancy rates of 4...

Recent studies have shown that activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling may be an important factor in muscle atrophy and excessive inflammatory response associated with immobilization. To examine the role of TLR4 signaling on cast immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, we tested the hypothesis that muscle atrophy and inflammation after cast immobilization is reduced in TLR4-de...

conclusions b. subtilis entrapped in beads was able to preserve its viability and produce biosurfactants as secondary metabolites. therefore, this method could be applied as a continuous culture system of biosurfactant production. methods alginate and bacterial solutions were mixed by stirring to obtain a uniform mixture and added by drops into cacl2 solution to form spherical beads. the spheri...