Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a thrombotic-occlusive as well as an inflammatory peripheral vascular disease with unknown etiology. Recent evidence has supported the immunopathogenesis of the disease, however, the factors contributing to the altered immune function and vascular tissue inflammation are still unclear. This review was intended to collate the more current knowledge on the regu...

one of the most important problems in neuroscience researches is the understanding what is the communication between the immune system and central nervous system. proinflammatory factors play an important role in this communication. the dysregulation of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation.one of the important  cyt...

Objective: Saffron petal is a by-product that contains flavonoids and anthocyanins. In order to study the effects of saffron petal extract (SPE) on blood parameters, immune system, and spleen histology, five treatments (n=6) were used in a completely randomized design. Materials and Methods: The treatments were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 450 mg/kg body weight of SPE. The SPE was injected intraperiton...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

Background & Aim: Continuous use of antibiotics leads to drug resistance and thereby to a reduced efficacy of the drugs. Antibiotics accumulate in the environment and fish pose a potential risk to consumers and to the environment.Increased public awareness of the negative effects caused by overexposure to synthetic chemicals has led to the search for ‘‘green drugs’’, such as organic and synthet...

Skeletal muscle may develop adaptive chaperone and enhancementdefense system through daily exercisestimulation. The present study investigated resistance and exhaustion training alters the expression of chaperoneproteins. These proteins function to maintain homeostasis, facilitate repair from injury and provide protection. Exercise-induced production of HSPs in skeletal muscle and peripheral le...

This experiment had been done to evaluate the effects of different levels of essential oils (EOs) of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum)on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune system in broiler chicks. Three hundred ninety two Ross 308 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design were divided into 7 experimental treatments. The experimental tre...

All organisms are connected in a complex web of relationships. Although many of these are benign, not all are, and everything alive devotes significant resources to identifying and neutralizing threats from other species. From bacteria through to primates, the presence of some kind of effective immune system has gone hand in hand with evolutionary success. This article focuses on mammalian immu...