several religions recommend periods of fasting. one of the most frequently asked questions of ms patients before the holy month of ramadan is weather fasting might have an unfavorable effect on their disease course. this debate became more challenging after the publication of experimental studies suggesting that calorie restriction prior to disease induction attenuates disease severity. we cond...

in a series of heterologous immunity studies s. haematobium, s. bovis and o. turkestanicum in calves, a large number of s. haematobium cercariae (21,000 cercariae) were used repeatedly as the immunization agent. at autopsy, 22 weeks after initial exposure, immature s. haematobium was detected. thirteen weeks after initial exposure a group of calves was challenged with s. bovis and another group...

a 42-d trial was conducted to compare the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplements on growth performance, morphology of the jejunum, serum lipid profile and antibody response of broiler chickens. a total of 400 one-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups of four replicates (25 birds per replicate) and fed corn-soybean meal diets. the dietary t...

Rapid population growth has a negative impact on everyone’s lifestyle, health, and well-being. Everybody an immune system, natural defensive mechanism that is essential in the battle against illnesses brought by external microorganisms. India endowed with wide variety of herbal plants are used medicinally have ability to strengthen immunity. The study focuses consumer buying behaviour for produ...

During the eight years which separate the two editions of Raffel's Immunity, the field of immunology has grown exponentially. Although the original format has been retained, many of the newer concepts, (and controversies) have been included in the current work. The first two sections of this book deal with fundamental immune responses to antigens and infectious agents. Included are chapters dea...

the classroom and the laboratory. Reflecting the changing nature of the field, the appendices have been updated with input from students and professors, ensuring that they reflect current knowledge. Overall, Janeway’s Immunobiology remains the standard-bearer for introductory immunology textbooks. It continues its predecessors’ broad coverage of the subject and contains updated figures and appe...

I mmunity, written by William E. Paul, MD, is a unique synthesis of autobiography and perspective on the history of immunology with easy-to-follow and informative explanations of key concepts. The author's death occurred in September 2015, just before publication of this book, his final manuscript. His discovery of interleukin-4 and his experiences as head of the Office of AIDS Research at the ...

Immunity is one of the most interesting questions in the whole range of pathology. Not only is the subject of scientific interest, but it is also of great practical importance. The antitoxine treatment of diphtheria is entirely clue to the knowledge obtained from the scientific investigation of immunity, and there can be no doubt that this is but the commencement of an entirely new method of tr...