Introduction: Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a recombinant, humanized immunoglobulin type G, subtype 4 (IgG4) antibody covalently bound to a semisynthetic derivative of calicheamicin via an acid-labile linker. It was developed for the treatment of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Based on the perceiv...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotential cells with utility in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the immunological properties and immunogenicity of allogeneic MSC remain poorly defined. Recent studies investigating their immunogenicity remain inconclusive and this has hampered their clinical application. This study investigated the (1) immunogenicity and (2) immunomo...

The range of biopharmaceuticals available is steadily increasing. The first generation of products were copies of naturally occurring growth factors, or hormones or cytokines. With the development of new techniques, such as pegylation and glycosylation, second-generation biopharmaceuticals with increased bioavailability and higher therapeutic index are available. Most biopharmaceuticals induce ...

influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. vaccination against influenza virus subtype h9n2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. at p...

The assessment of immunogenicity biopharmaceuticals is a crucial step in the process their development. Immunogenicity related to activation adaptive immunity. complexity immune system manifests through numerous different mechanisms, which allows use approaches for predicting biopharmaceuticals. direct experimental are sometimes expensive and time consuming, or results need be confirmed. In thi...

Background: Ribonucleoproteins particles that form the spliceosomes are among the most frequently targeted molecules of the autoimmune response. In the last few years, autoantibodies against all A/B hnRNP proteins have been found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and serve as diagnostic markers for...

Aim: Main objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines commonly available in the Pakistan’s market. For this purpose we compared immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in apparently healthy young female volunteers in Karach

Background Allergen adsorption onto alum is relevant for safety and immunogenicity of alum-adjuvanted allergen vaccines, used for subcutaneous immunotherapy. Adsorption of the Group 1 Mite allergens can be impaired by phosphate buffers. On the other hand, diminishing or abolishing buffer salts can affect long term stability. Alum content can also influence immunogenicity and adsorption, as well...

PURPOSE To prepare for vaccine shortages under an influenza pandemic, several antigen-sparing strategies have been investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine at reduced intradermal and full intramuscular dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the effect of one-fifth and one-half intradermal doses to the full intramuscular dose on immunogenicity in ...

The spontaneous modification of proteins, such as deamidation of asparagine residues, can significantly affect the immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines. Using a "genetically deamidated" form of recombinant protective antigen (rPA), we have previously shown that deamidation can decrease the immunogenicity of rPA, the primary component of new-generation anthrax vaccines. In this study, we inv...