paragangliomas are extra-adrenal counterparts of pheochromocytomas and are found at various anatomical sites such as the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, jugular foramen and carotid bifurcation, the latter two fonns being coined as chemodectomas. the vertebral column, especially the llullbar zone, is one of the rarest sites to be involved by paragangliomas. these lesions may have secretory functio...

the distinction between malignant and benign pheochromocytoma has always been a diagnostic challenge over the last decades. to date, the only reliable criterion is metastasis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible expression of pituitary-tumor transforming gene (pttg1) and retinoblastoma (rb) in benign and malignant pheochromocytoma. paraffin blocks of 44 and 11 patients ...

background hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the fifth most common fatal cancer and an important healthcare problem worldwide. there are many studies describing the prognostic and predictive effects of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (c-erb-b2) and epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (egfr), transmembrane tyrosine kinases that influence cell growth and proliferation in many tumors. objectives...

background: colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent and treatable malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. recent in vitro studies have demonstrated the anticancer effect of calendula officinalis extract on a tumor cell line derived from colorectal cancers. the inhibitory effect of this extract ranges from 70- 100% and an in vitro study has demonstrated that calendula officina...

background: solitary fibrous tumor (sft) is a mesenchymal tumor which is most commonly seen in the pleura; however it can be seen in other organs such as the meninge, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, bone, and skin. sft should be differentiated from other mesenchymal tumors in these organs. immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role for the histopathologic diagnosis of this tumor. currently,...

splenic hamartoma is an unusual accidental finding with non-neoplastic feature that may be incidentally diagnosed because of its compression effect on surrounding organs. the predominant pathological feature leading diagnosis is circumscribed, un-encapsulated bulging nodules with focal fibrosis or cyst. the histopathological feature of splenic hamartoma is the positivity for cd8, and occasional...

in the present study, we describe a subcutaneous mass between the left flank and hip in a 2-year-old male great dane dog. histopathologically, cells appeared to be spindle shaped around a central capillary together with a fingerprint pattern. immunohistochemical analysis presented that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, but did not stain for s-100 protein. on the basis of histopathology a...

objective(s) definite diagnosis of hirschsprung’s disease (hd) is based on histopathological study, but there are limitations associated with standard histology and histochemistry in this regard. the aim of this study was to investigate calretinin immunostaining patterns in both ganglionic and aganglionic hd intestinal specimens and to compare them with control specimens. materials and methods ...

inverted follicular keratosis (ifk) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented as a solitary nodule with keratotic or scaling surface on the face of a middle aged or old patients but it can develop in other parts of the body. different studies have lead to development of different theories about the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in this kind of skin tumor. the purpose of t...