Objectives: Antigen retrieval (AR) is an important step in Immunohistochemistry (IHC) which used to unmask the antigenic sites and facilitate antigen-antibody binding. Adequate fixation of tissue necessary achieve consistent demonstration antigens that can be masked by chemical process involved formalin processing. Out various methods AR, heat-induced epitope (HIER) have greatly improved qualit...

Synchronous primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are rare and may be discovered unexpectedly following lung resection. Discrimination from intrapulmonary metastases is important to guide treatment and prognosis but is difficult solely on clinical or radiological findings. Histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers can prove decisive and should feature in the dia...

Neurointervention with contrast media (CM) has rapidly increased, but the impact of CM extravasation and related side effects remain controversial. This study investigated effect on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. We established in vitro BBB models using primary cultures rat BBB-related cells. To assess functions, we evaluated transendothelial electrical resistance, permeability, tight jun...

Summary The study aimed to investigate immune cell infiltration in different subtypes of breast cancer (BC). Retrospectively were selected 100 patients with primary BC, grouped into four molecular surrogate (Luminal A and Luminal B-like, HER2-positive triple-negative - TN), determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In each patient, a percentage stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was ...

Sweat gland adenocarcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignancy. Clinical features are painless red or violet papules and nodules that can occasionally become ulcerated. The biological behavior is aggressive and metastatic sweat gland carcinoma spreads through the lymphatic. The treatment of choice is wide surgical excision with regional lymph node dissection. The portrayed ase was a 60-year-old...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, which is associated with many upper gastrointestinal diseases, is found in half of the population of the world. Several special stains and immunohistochemistry stain for H. pylori are available. The need for and usefulness of immunohistochemical (IHC) technique has been debated for years. Toluidine blue is a simple stain for microbiological studies and is easily ...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a routinely used technique in clinical diagnosis of pathological conditions and in basic research. It combines anatomical, immunological, and biochemical methods and relies on the specific binding of an antibody to an antigen. Using the technique with mineralised tissues is more complicated than with soft tissues. This can in most cases be overcome by demineralisin...

Background Lynch syndrome (LS) is responsible for around 2-3% of all colorectal cancers [1]. Germline mutations within one of four mismatch repair (MMR) genes, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2, cause an increased risk in colorectal, endometrial, urinary tract, and other cancers. Tumor screening, by microsatellite instability (MSI) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, can be utilized prior to mutat...

With the aims of sharing information about the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and making it possible to make a suitable choice of antibody for histopathological examination, this technical report describes the results of a questionnaire administered during the period of 2014 to 2015 to members of the Conference on Experimental Animal Histopathology. It also describes the immuno...

Many attempts have been made to identify objective molecular biomarkers to diagnose and prognosticate oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) because histopathological interpretation is subjective and lacks sensitivity. The majority of these efforts describe changes in gene expression at protein level in OED as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, the literature on these putative markers ...