dried aceton-chloroform extract of aerial parts of euphorbia spinidens bornm. ex prokh. endemic to iran, yielded two new triterpenoids, lup-20(29)-ene-33, 28 diol commonly known as betulin and (3β,23e)-cycloarta-23-ene-3,25-diol. the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 13 c- and 1 h-nmr as well as 2d-nmr, ir and by the aid of mass fragmentation pattern. in phagocyte chemilum...

Communication between nerves and immune and inflammatory cells of the small and large intestine plays a major role in the modulation of several intestinal functions, including intestinal motility, ion transport, and mucosal permeability. Neuroimmune interactions at intestinal sites have been associated with the pathophysiology of infectious and enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea and intestinal infla...

Organ damage and loss remain important clinical problems, where the current gold standard is transplantation. One of the main problems with transplants, even when they are successful, is the need to use immuno suppressants (IS) for preventing acute rejection. The use of IS entails several side effects such as increased risk of tumor formation, higher susceptibility to infections and IS-related ...

Serotonin (5-HT) induces concentration-dependent metabolic effects in diverse cell types, including neurons, entherochromaffin cells, adipocytes, pancreatic beta-cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells, and leukocytes. Three classes of genes regulating 5-HT function are constitutively expressed or induced in these cells: (a) membrane proteins that regulate the response to 5-HT...

immunomodulation is a procedure, which can alter the immune system of an organism by interfering its function. modulation of immune system may result in suppression or stimulation of immunological reactivity. recently the effect of immunomodulators in the treatment of various diseases is significant. tinosporacordifolia is a widely used shrub in ayurvedic system of medicine. it is reported to b...

the immunomodulatory activity of cod liver oil (clo) was evaluated by mice lethality test, carbon clearance assay, neutrophil adhesion test, cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia, indirect haemagglutination test and effect on serum immunoglobulin levels. clo was administered orally at a dose of 0.5 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight. in mice lethality test, low dose of clo (0.5 g/kg, po) produced 40% de...

background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) possess a wide range of immunomodulatory functions mostly in immune cells including dendritic cells (dcs). dcs are the key cells in the immune response and play an important role in initiating cell-mediated immunity. objective: to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of mscs supernatant on maturation and function of dcs. methods: bone marrow derived mi...

Introduction: Lithium salts are known as effective psychotropic medicine for treatment bipolar disorder and may be used to treat alcoholism, schizoaffective disorders, and cluster headaches. The antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory effects of prospective lithium compounds have been investigated in this work. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant properties were studied by the voltammetry...