The most widely accepted definition of health impact assessment (HIA), from a consensus conference in Gothenburg organised by the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) European Centre for Health Policy, defines HIA as ‘a combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy, programme or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution o...

A new approach based concepts of the Discrete Element Method, is presented for impact resistance analysis of composites. The method is capable of analysing the progressive fracturing and fragmentation behaviour as well as potential post cracking interactions caused by the newly created crack sides and segments. The imminence of a material crack is monitored by an anisotropic Hoffman model . To ...

One reason antimicrobial-drug resistance is of concern is its economic impact on physicians, patients, health-care administrators, pharmaceutical producers, and the public. Measurement of cost and economic impact of programs to minimize antimicrobial-drug resistance is imprecise and incomplete. Studies to describe and evaluate the problem will have to employ new methods and be of large scale to...

1. Harris AD, Nemoy L, Johnson J, Carnahan M, Smith DJ, Standiford H, et al. Co-carriage rates of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus and extended spectrum β-lactamases–producing bacteria among a cohort of intensive care unit patients—implications for an active surveillance program. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:105–8. 2. India Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group, Mathai D, Biendenbach ...