Inspired by Carol Dweck's work on naive theories of intelligence, the implicit theory emotions refers to beliefs regarding general functioning emotions, specifically, their controllability. Some individuals view as uncontrollable (entity theory), while others think that can be modulated (incremental theory). These guide emotional regulation strategies use and influence subjective well-being. Th...

Many tendencies in social perceivers' judgments about individuals and groups can be integrated in terms of the premise that perceivers rely on implicit theories of agency acquired from cultural traditions. Whereas, American culture primarily conceptualizes agency as a property of individual persons, other cultures conceptualize agency primarily in terms of collectives such as groups or non-huma...

The term 'multiple-proposition (MP) theory' will be used to refer to theories which countenance counterexamples to the widespread implicit assumption that a simple indicative sentence (relative to a context of utterance) semantically expresses at most one proposition.

Dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have featured prominently in theories of human memory. However, similarities between the two forms of memory have been less studied. One open question concerns whether implicit and explicit memory share encoding resources. To explore this question, we employed a subsequent memory design in which several novel scenes were repeated once during an...

Previous research has shown that linking approach or avoidance actions to novel stimuli through mere instructions causes changes in the implicit evaluation of these stimuli even when the actions are never performed. In two high-powered experiments (total N = 1147), we examined whether effects of approach-avoidance instructions on implicit evaluations are mediated by changes in explicit evaluati...

We were interested in the cross-cultural comparison of implicit theories of the interrelations of eight anger components (antecedents, body sensations, cognitive reactions, verbal expressions, nonverbal expressions, interpersonal responses, and primary and secondary self-control). Self-report scales of each of these components were administered to a total of 5,006 college students in 25 countri...