Language can be used to express positive thoughts and reflect perceptions of others. Language, on the other hand, might do opposite. Hate speech is language directed at a particular group people. It incites hostility, violence, or discrimination against others based difference in race, religion, gender, among People have become more interested hate due its impact individuals societies. argued t...

Aggression is a negative form of an anti-social behavior. It produced because particular reason, desire, want, need, or due to the psychological state aggressor. injures others physically psychologically. Aggressive behaviors in human interactions cause discomfort and disharmony among interlocutors. The paper aims identify how aggressive language manifests itself data under scrutiny terms pragm...

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the skill Fedor M. Dostoevsky in depicting non-verbal means communication that can reflect social status officials novel “The Idiot” by using language units. object units indicate behavior different levels: high level (General Ivan Fedorovich Yepanchin), middle (Gavrila Ardalionovich Ivolgin) and low (Lukyan Timofeevich Lebedev). subject analysis com...

Reciprocity is a (proto)social mechanism that involves (im)politeness as balance of positive and negative actions among individuals: doing something good to someone expected be reciprocated in kind (cf. Culpeper & Tantucci 2021). The same applies for negatively charged behaviour (Culpeper present study advances the theory reciprocity both empirically theoretically, it extends model contexts inf...

Catchphrases have long been a hallmark of US-American sit-coms and dramas, as well reality, game variety show programming. Because the phenomenon television catchphrase developed throughout era network, commercial broadcasting under Federal Communications Commission guidelines regulating profanity in network television, catchphrases traditionally not included swear words. Nevertheless, certain ...