The relationship between economic openness and welfare policies has become increasingly important to policy makers. While scholars have tended to examine conditions under which budgets for social welfare programs ebb and flow along with countries’ exposure to trade, they have overlooked how governments may compensate domestic labor by subsidizing their employers. To explicitly address the issue...

Since the early 1990s, Cuba has experienced serious economic problems that resulted from the demise of the Soviet Union and the disappearance of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), the economic and financial system in which the island was inserted. At end of the 1980s, some 81% of Cuba’s external commercial relations were with the member countries of the CMEA. In 1989, Cuba expor...

1 Data 1.1 U.S. Refineries 1.1.1 Sources of data I match and compile three data sets on characteristics and imports of U.S. refineries collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): (i) capacity of distillation unit and upgrading units (parts 6-7 of form EIA-820: annual refinery report); (ii) imports of crude oil, (form EIA-814: monthly imports report) (iii) domestic purchases o...

Both EU and USA are dominant apparel importers in the world. In 2006, the value of world’s apparel exports to them amounted to US$ 212 billion, which represented 80% of the world’s total apperel exports. Specifically, the apparel imports of the top five members of EU; namely, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Spain, amounted to US$ 91 billion, accounting for 71% of the regoin’s total ...

This paper investigates the impact of geography on technological diffusion via international trade and proposes to re-examine the contribution of Coe, Helpman and Hoffmaister to the knowledge spillovers literature. Using a gravitational model, we first confirm the negative effect of physical distance on imports. We also show that geographic proximity contributes to more technological diffusion ...

Focusing on the issue of food safety, we consider a framework of repeated purchases under the scenario of imperfect information on product quality (adverse selection and experience goods). A firm in a northern country can more easily detect tainted products than can a southern one. When imports are banned, the northern firm does not always signal the actual quality of its products. Competition ...

Public interest in food distribution systems as well as an increasing amount of food imports to the United States has resulted in a need for methods of quantifying the transportation of food imports in terms of distance travelled, energy use, and environmental impact. Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a powerful tool to organize and analyze spatial data. This study used a geographic ...

This paper studies how bilateral investment treaties (BITs) affect the trade integration between partner countries. While the overall results from the full sample show that BIT signing is associated with an increase in overall imports that is generally smaller than the effect of WTO membership, BIT signing is found to have a considerable effect on capital goods imports and on imports of differe...

FDA starts light-touch inspections for some imports.

Abstract T his paper attempted to examine the effects of foreign trade, energy consumption, human capital and physical capital on GDP in 8 candidate developing countries and 8 candidate developed countries during 2002-2014.In this study, the effects of variables were estimated through panel cointegration technique and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS).The results of regression te...