This paper deals with the description of the overall effect of pinning conditions in discrete systems. We study a variational problem on the discrete in which pinning sites are modeled as network subsets on which concentrated forces are imposed. We want to determine the asymptotic effect of pinning conditions on a periodic lattice as its size vanishes. Our analysis is performed in the framework...

Effects of Endotracheal Tubes in Spontaneously Breathing Patients Respiratory Workload Imposed by the Endotracheal Tube In healthy persons, respiration occurs with little effort. Respiratory work is required, however, to overcome the natural forces that oppose inhalation, such as the elasticity and resistance of the respiratory system, which is termed respiratory load. The ability to overcome t...

The intention of this contribution, which will be concluded in the next issue, is to review some of the lessons learnt by psychiatrists serving in the Forces in the World War; to indicate certain differences between the social conditions imposed by war and by peace; and to advance suggestions about the psychiatric service of the future. The scope of the present article is to describe the specia...

On the basis of computational studies it has been proposed that the central nervous system internally simulates the dynamic behavior of the motor system in planning, control, and learning; the existence and use of such an internal model is still under debate. A sensorimotor integration task was investigated in which participants estimated the location of one of their hands at the end of movemen...

We develop and test a thermally activated state transition technique for ultraweak force measurement. As a force sensor, the technique was demonstrated on a classical Brownian bead immersed in water and restrained by a bistable optical trap. A femto-Newton-level flow force imposed on this sensor was measured by monitoring changes in the transition rates of the bead hopping between two energy st...

Research over the past 25 years has led to the view that the rich tapestry of present-day cosmic structure arose during the first instants of creation, where weak ripples were imposed on the otherwise uniform and rapidly expanding primordial soup. Over 14 billion years of evolution, these ripples have been amplified to enormous proportions by gravitational forces, producing ever-growing concent...

The single axis subtalar joint is a hinge joining the talus and calcaneus that allows adaptation of the foot on uneven ground. This joint modifies the forces of ambulation imposed on the rest of the skeleton and influences the performance of the more distal foot articulations as well. When the structure and function of this joint are altered by trauma, instability, arthritis, infection, or tars...

Horizontally curved I-girder bridges are known to be complex. Bending and torsion forces imposed on the owing their shapes with initial curvatures. This is a combination of pure warping forces. The horizontally significantly affected by behavior, which decreases bending rigidity its member. To investigate behavior finite element analysis (FEA) must performed. In this study, an FEA was performed...

This study explores the effects of active hip extension moment produced by electrical stimulation on the support forces the arms must exert through an assistive device during quiet erect standing with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI). A static sagittal plane biomechanical model of human standing was developed to predict the effects of sti...