Transmission congestion is the major challenge in the operation of competitive power market. Sufficient transmission corridor is necessary for realization of power transaction. This paper proposes an efficient approach for transmission congestion management using the Black Hole Algorithm (BHA). Congestion is relieved by rescheduling of real power from the market clearing schedule. BHA is a rece...

Transmission congestion is the major challenge in the operation of competitive power market. Sufficient transmission corridor is necessary for realization of power transaction. This paper proposes an efficient approach for transmission congestion management using the Black Hole Algorithm (BHA). Congestion is relieved by rescheduling of real power from the market clearing schedule. BHA is a rece...

The Cyclic Model is a radical, new cosmological scenario which proposes that the Universe undergoes an endless sequence of epochs which begin with a ‘big bang’ and end in a ‘big crunch.’ When the Universes bounces from contraction to re-expansion, the temperature and density remain finite. The model does not include a period of rapid inflation, yet it reproduces all of the successful prediction...

We discuss construction and applications of instanton-like objects which we call fractional space-like branes. These objects are localised at a fixed point of a time-like (or more generally space-time) orbifold which is a string theoretical toy model of a cosmological singularity. We formulate them in boundary state, adsorption, and fermionisation approaches. 1 Fractional space-like branes in a...

In this thesis we study the dynamics of higher-dimensional gravity in a universe emerging from a brane collision. We develop a set of powerful analytic methods which, we believe, render braneworld cosmological perturbation theory solvable. Our particular concern is to determine the extent to which the four-dimensional effective theory accurately captures the higher-dimensional dynamics about th...

Abstract One of the simplest time-dependent solutions of M theory consists of nine-dimensional Euclidean space times 1+1-dimensional compactified Milne space-time. With a further modding out by Z2, the space-time represents two orbifold planes which collide and re-emerge, a process proposed as an explanation of the hot big bang [1, 2, 3]. When the two planes are near, the light states of the th...

In recent years, several optimization methods especially metaheuristic optimization methods have been developed by scientists. People have utilized power of nature to solve problems. Therefore, those metaheuristic methods have imitated physical and biological processes of nature. In 2007, Big Bang Big Crunch optimization algorithm based on evolution of universe and in 2009, Gravitational Search...

Computational cost of metaheuristic based optimum design algorithms grows excessively with structure size. This results in computational inefficiency of modern metaheuristic algorithms in tackling optimum design problems of large scale structural systems. This paper attempts to provide a computationally efficient optimization tool for optimum design of large scale steel frame structures to AISC...

This study proposes a swarm optimizer with modified feasible-based mechanism approach for finding an optimum design steel frames. The proposed optimization addresses the problem of stagnation possibility in traditional particle which none particles tries to explore position better than previous best multiple numbers iterations. method is based on accelerated and big bang–big crunch algorithms. ...