The recent emergence of the CRISPR/Cas system has boosted the possibilities for precise genome engineering approaches throughout all kingdoms of life. The most common application for plants is targeted mutagenesis, whereby a Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) is repaired by mutagenic nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). However, the site-specific alteration of a genomic sequence or integr...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adventitious roots (ARs) are part of the root system in numerous plants, and are required for successful micropropagation. In the Arabidopsis thaliana primary root (PR) and lateral roots (LRs), the quiescent centre (QC) in the stem cell niche of the meristem controls apical growth with the involvement of auxin and cytokinin. In arabidopsis, ARs emerge in planta from the hypo...

Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease is a destructive disease of citrus worldwide, which is associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. This phloem-limited fastidious pathogen is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, and appears to be an intracellular pathogen that maintains an intimate association with the psyllid or the plant throughout its life cycle. Th...

Previously, we isolated several genes that potentially affected the expression of type III secretion system (T3SS) in Ralstonia solanacearum OE1-1. Here, we focused on the rsp0316, which encodes a putative 2-nitropropane dioxygenase (hereafter designated NpdA). The deletion of npdA substantially reduced the T3SS expression and virulence in OE1-1, and the complementation with functional NpdA cou...

The phytosulfokine peptide receptor PSKR1 is modified by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic kinase domain. We analyzed defined phosphorylation sites by site-directed mutagenesis with regard to kinase activity in vitro and receptor activity in planta. S696 and S698 in the juxtamembrane (JM) domain are phosphorylated in planta. The phosphomimetic S696D/S698D replacements resulted in reduced trans...