Introduction of novel inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against different strains of prevailing and emerging low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses is not an economically viable option for poultry. Engineering attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) vaccine delivering H5 LPAI antigens can be employed as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and LPAI viruses, while still offeri...

Broiler breeder vaccination against IBD is usually based on the injection of at least one inactivated vaccine in oil adjuvant, typically included in a combined vaccine. Priming using one or several IBD vaccine (s) has been the most common way to immunize the breeders so far. In summary, protection against vvIBD challenge in chicks of one commercial genetic line vaccinated in ovo with the HVT-IB...

Viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD) of rabbits is an acute entity with high mortality which affects adult rabbits. Several vaccines have been developed in China and extensive use of these vaccines in the field has controlled the spread of the disease. Formalin inactivated tissue vaccine induces solid immunity on the third to fourth day post vaccination and immunity lasts for at least six months. T...

an oil adjuvant vaccine (oav) was prepared from a local strain of pasteurella multocida. strain 6:b was cultured and inactivated by formalin. bacterial pellet was prepared by centrifugation and subsequently adjuvanted by montannide oil isa-70. a dose of prepared vaccine containing 3ml (2mg dry weight/ml) was injected into five calves by im route. animals were bled before and at 24, 90, 150, and...

Modelling A cohort model was used to assess the costs and consequences of adjuvanted vaccine against influenza in comparison with standard non-adjuvanted vaccination in the high-risk elderly. The model considered the attack rate in the relevant population, and subsequent cases, general practitioner (GP) visits, hospital admissions and deaths. Adverse events were not considered. The time horizon...

Killed-virus (KV) vaccines in general as well as all commercial KV equine influenza vaccines require an adjuvant to elicit a protective and prolonged immune response. Various adjuvants are available, with some proving more effective than others. MetastiM, a proprietary oil emulsion adjuvant, is used in a commercial equine influenza vaccine containing the KV a/equi/Kentucky/97 (KY97) strain Key ...

there are little information about growth properties of low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in embryonated chicken eggs (eces) at different incubation temperatures. knowledge of this information increases the quantity and quality of antigen in vaccine production process. for this purpose, 10-5 dilution of aiv (a/chicken/iran/99/h9n2) was inoculated (intra-allantoic) into 400, 11-day...

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was grown in Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line using a roller culture system for its large-scale production. Optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:750 was found to give consistent virus yield. To determine the appropriate payload, three batches of antigen with virus titres ranging from 10(8.37) to 10(6.37) TCID50 per ml were used to ...

The ongoing threat from Influenza necessitates the development of new vaccine and adjuvant technologies that can maximize vaccine immunogenicity, shorten production cycles, and increase global vaccine supply. Currently, the most successful adjuvants for Influenza vaccines are squalene-based oil-in-water emulsions. These adjuvants enhance seroprotective antibody titers to homologous and heterolo...