BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to measure socio-economic inequalities in mortality over a 27-year period, and estimate the simultaneous effects of education and income adjusted for changing proportions and potential confounders. METHODS Census data in 1970, 1980 and 1990 with information about income, educational level and household size were linked to mortality records at the individua...

Cancer is increasingly responsible for the mortality gap between high and low socioeconomic position groups in high-income countries. This study investigates which cancers are contributing more to socioeconomic gaps in mortality and how this changes over time.New Zealand census data from 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006, were linked to three to five years of subsequent mortality and cancer...

BACKGROUND Exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is one of the major causes of premature death and disease among children. While socioeconomic inequalities exist for adult smoking, such evidence is limited for SHS exposure in children. Thus, this study examined changes over time in socioeconomic inequalities in infants' SHS exposure in Japan. METHODS This is a repeated cross-sectional study of ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic inequalities in subjective measures of oral health in a national sample of adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. METHODS We analysed data from the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey for 8,765 adults aged 21 years and over. We examined inequalities in three oral health measures: self-rated oral health, Oral Health Impact ...

This paper proposes a method to incorporate a concern for distributional inequalities of income, education, and longevity into the framework of the Human Development Index (HDI), as it is presently designed by the United Nations Development Programme. The paper constructs Gini coefficients, for a set of 20 developing countries, measuring inequalities in annual income, educational attainment, an...

This paper aims at examining interpersonal income and consumption inequality within the Attica Metropolitan Region, which includes Athens, largest metropolis of Greece. It also to make comparisons between rest country. The analysis is based on microdata from Greek Household Budget Surveys (HBS) over period 2008-2019, encapsulating commencement economic crisis until year before outset COVID-19 p...

BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent health problem among women during the childbearing years. To obtain a more accurate global picture of maternal postnatal depression, studies that explore maternal depression with comparable measurements are needed. The aims of the study are: (1) to compare the prevalence of maternal depression in the first and second year postpartum between a UK and Brazilia...

BACKGROUND Health inequality has been recognized as a problem all over the world. In China, the poor usually have less access to healthcare than the better-off, despite having higher levels of need. Since the proportion of the Chinese population living in urban areas increased tremendously with the urbanization movements, attention has been paid to the association between urban/rural residence ...