the employee engagement has emerged as a pivotal business driver for organizational success. high level of engagement in domestic and global firms is supposed to have multiple enriching effects on an organization. studies have highlighted the importance of both organizational and individual factors in ensuring highly engaged employees. the present paper explores the individual differs across fo...

The enduring differences between individuals have been one of psychology’s central concerns over the past 100 years or more. In the last 25 years, evolutionary thinking has begun to make a huge impact on psychological explanation, particularly in social and cognitive psychology. However, the integration of evolutionary thinking into the study of individual differences has been more uneven (for ...

Background The feeding importance of child in first two years of life and mental damage caused by malnutrition during this period is obvious. However the mother's lifestyle and long-term effects on the health of the mother and infant during breastfeeding period should not be neglected. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the demographic characteristics and lifestyl...

The present study was designed to initially test a model of the role of a set of cognitive (namely, aptitude and working memory) and motivational (namely, language learning goals, self-efficacy beliefs and self-regulation strategy use) individual differences variables in writing performance of a group of Iranian undergraduate EFL learners and, subsequently, to identify the possible differences ...

Theories about reading have moved away from viewing the reader as a passive recipient of textual input, as a tabula rasa upon which the author sketches his or her message. Under this view, reading comprehension is easily explained by the success of the textual input entering and staying intact within the mind of the reader. Adopting this view, some character educators can assert that reading mo...

due to the growing emphasis of modern language pedagogy on meaningfulcommunication, l2 willingness to communicate (wtc) has recently become animportant concept in second language learning and communication. the presentstudy investigated the effects of individual differences on iranian efllearners' willingness to communicate. as many as 431 students who were learningenglish as a foreign language...

l2 learners’ individual differences are crucial factors that deserve attention in l2 education. focusing on 2 main areas of individual differences (i.e., field (in)dependence and multiple intelligences), this study explored their relationships with l2 reading performance. participants were 64 tefl undergraduates and postgraduates. to assess the participats’ degree of field (in)dependence and mu...