Game theory has been used to model large-scale social events—such constitutional law, democratic stability, standard setting, gender roles, social movements, communication, markets, the selection of officials by means of elections, coalition formation, resource allocation, distribution of goods, and war—as the aggregate result of individual choices in interdependent decision-making. Game theory...

Most organisms on Earth live a life where they are exposed to multiple and variable threats. In order to maximise survival they need to be able to perceive and respond to these threats. Two common threats that crustacean zooplankton are faced with are predation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). To cope with these threats zooplankton use different strategies such as diel vertical migration and th...

sapopulation ages, elderly people increasingly fall and injure themselves. Such falls make them hesitant to move actively and thus severely decrease their independence and quality of life. Preventing falls is therefore critical in maintaining the wellness of elderly people. In physiotherapy, a tracking task for an ankle-joint exercise can be used to facilitate motor learning of the ankle. For s...

Verbal communication between individuals requires the parallel evolution of a vocal system capable of emitting different sounds and of an auditory system able to recognize each vocal pattern. In this work we present the evolution of a population of twins where the selection pressure is based on the ability of learning a communication pattern which allows verbal transmission of information. The ...

Medicine is becoming more personal – and not a minute too soon. Clinicians have always cared about individual patients. But it’s easy to lose sight of individuals when the number of patients passing through your healthcare service is huge and growing rapidly, and when the austere financial climate necessitates strict targets often applying to populations of patients rather than to the individua...

White savory(Satureja mutica Fisch & C.A.Mey.) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in food processing, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to the strongly scented and presence of phenolic compounds such as carvacrol and thymol. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the levels of inter and intra-populations variability of essential oil compositions of S. mutica grown in no...

This extended abstract gives a brief outline of the connections between the descriptions and variable concepts. Thus, the notion of a concept is extended to include both the syntax and semantics features. The evaluation map in use is parame-terized by a kind of computational environment, the index, giving rise to indexed concepts. The concepts are inhabited into language by the descriptions fro...

In this paper, I argue that the modality contained in declarative sentences is heterogeneous by nature, and its indiscernible treatment evoked pardoxical behaviors of individuals in modal contexts. The difficulty is avoided by classifying the modality in two kinds from a normative point of view: 1) modality in a traditinal sense, which is a freedom under a certain convention, and 2) multi-modal...

In the 17th century, Descartes put forth the metaphor of the machine to explain the functioning of living beings. In the 18th century, La Mettrie extended the metaphor to man. The clock was then used as the paradigm of the machine. In the 20th century, this metaphor still held but the clock was replaced by a computer. Nowadays, the organism is viewed as a robot obeying signals emanating from a ...

In the 17th century, Descartes put forth the metaphor of the machine to explain the functioning of living beings. In the 18th century, La Mettrie extended the metaphor to man. The clock was then used as the paradigm of the machine. In the 20th century, this metaphor still held but the clock was replaced by a computer. Nowadays, the organism is viewed as a robot obeying signals emanating from a ...