this study represents an attempt to determine the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm among soccer player children. a total of 234 soccer player boys of all soccer schools from shahr-rey enrolled in this study. they did not have any history of a recent or chronic respiratory tract disease, a history of allergic diseases, and history of bronchodilator drugs consumption during the 24 hour...

background noise exposure is known as a risk factor for hearing loss and one of its effects is noise-induced stress. cortisol as a stress hormone is used in noise-induced stress assessments. objectives the aim of this study was to measure and compare saliva cortisol concentrations in the morning and evening in normal work day and rest day in both case and control groups and to assess the associ...

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hepatic toxicity is the most serious adverse effect of anti tuberculosis drugs. this study was performed to evaluate efficacy of silymarin as a hepatoprotective herbal agent. in a randomized double blind clinical trial 70 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into two groups. the intervention group was assigned to receive silymarin and the control group received placebo. tuberculosis...

adverse effects of antituberculosis agents such as hepatotoxicity may reduce treatment effectiveness, because they significantly contribute to nonadherence and eventually result in treatment failure, relapse or the emergence of drug resistance. garlic is an ancient herbal substance, which its effectiveness on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in animal models has been demonstrated...

background: contrast induced nephropathy (cin) is one of the most common complications after radiographic procedures using intravascular radiocontrast media. the aim of the current study was to assess the effect of atorvastatin on prevention of cin in patients undergoing coronary angiography. materials and methods: in a clinical trial study, 200 patients referred for angiography were randomly d...

background about 46 million induced abortions occur in the world annually. the studies have reported 80000 cases of induced abortions in iran annually. objectives this qualitative study was conducted to identify the causes of unsafe abortion in iran from the standpoint of three groups of experts, women with a history of abortion or unwanted pregnancy and service providers. patients and methods ...

background & aim: abortion is the third leading cause of maternal mortality. the attitude of women towards abortion is one of the most important factors involved in this issue. this study aimed to evaluate the attitude of women of reproductive age towards induced abortion. methods this cross-sectional study was performed on 450 women of reproductive age in fatemieh hospital in hamedan, iran in ...

conclusions due to the long exposure to the loud noise during the day, hearing loss in drivers is significant. the left ear displays greater loss than the right ear. therefore, strategies to prevent hearing loss in drivers could include education, lifestyle changes and compliance issues related to hearing health, use of personal protective equipment, conducting periodic examinations and early t...