The present study quantified induced current in anatomically based Japanese male and female models for exposure to low-frequency electric fields. A quasi-static finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied to analyze this problem. For our computational results, the difference of the induced current density averaged over an area of 1 cm(2) between Japanese male and female models was l...

The origin of electrical burns under gel-type surface electrodes is a controversial topic that is not well understood. To investigate the phenomenon, we have developed an excised porcine skin+gel model. In the present paper, we describe methods to detect these burns in the skin+gel model in an effort to understand the genesis of these burns. Burns were induced by severe electrical stimulation a...