International covenants establish a role for governments in ensuring the conditions for human health and wellbeing, which has been recognised as a central human right. International trade agreements, conversely, prioritize the rights of corporations over health and human rights. International trade agreements are threatening existing tobacco control policies and restrict the possibility of impl...

in this paper the trade restrictiveness of agricultural policies in iran was measured by the triindex for the nine major agricultural products including wheat, rice, barely, maize, soybean,meat (beef meat), soybean oil, sugar and banana over the period 1981 to 2007. the main resultsindicate that there is no trend in above index and high volatility especially in 2006 and 2007years due to conside...

According to traditional trade theories, foreign trade affects economic growth via several channels such as knowledge and technology spillover, improvement of resources allocation, increasing productivity and competitiveness. Within the framework of new trade theories, the effect of foreign trade on economic growth is ambiguous, and this effect depends on the combination of the different effect...

â â â â â â â â â â â â  abstract: â  as a result of recent developments, global economic centre of gravity has slide to asia-pacific region. it is predicted that asia-pacific countries will take place at the first row in global trade and nearly a half of the total trade will intensify in this region at the year 2030. on the other hand, the region covers countries from different levels of devel...

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This paper analyzes trade in East Asia and inter-industry linkages over the borders, i.e. spatial linkages, with use of the Asian international input-output tables. As a result of analysis, it was shown that intra-regional trade within the eight East Asian countries, the U.S and Japan has been driven by the intermediate goods trade. At the same time, intermediate goods, especially those of the ...

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in currency :union:s internationally. The formation of currency :union: in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has drawn much attention of Islamic countries. This paper aims to investigate the effect of currency :union: formation for trade among 49 Islamic countries over the period 1990-2012 by OCA and Augmented Gravity Model (AGM). T...