herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) causes a variety of diseases in human. this virus is a neurotropic pathogen of human that establishes latent infection in the sensory ganglia innervating the site of primary infection. a number of genes including icp34.5 control hsv-1 pathogenicity and icp34.5 has been identified as hsv-1 virulence gene. open reading frame p (orf p) is also a hsv-1 gene that ...

the witches’ broom disease of lime trees is a destructing disease caused by the bacterium candidatus phytoplasma aurantofolia (1). the disease is prevalent in oman,united arab emirates and iran. to restrict the spread ofthe infected trees, detection of the causative bacteriumis crucial. besides pcr-based methods, antibodies can beapplied for detection of pathogen-infected cells.recently shahrya...

UNLABELLED Malaria is transmitted when motile sporozoites are injected into the dermis by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Inside the mosquito vector, sporozoites egress from midgut-associated oocysts and eventually penetrate the acinar cells of salivary glands. Parasite-encoded factors with exclusive vital roles in the insect vector can be studied by classical reverse genetics. Here, we ...

The aim of this study was to identify the cell surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers of the cell lines infected by Theileria annulata schizont. The CD molecules are very useful for the characterization of cells and different subpopulations of leukocytes. They are usually recognized by specific antibodies using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In the current stud...

We studied cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation and intracranial pressure (ICP) during normo- and hyperventilation in a rat model of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal injection of S. pneumoniae. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, defined as MAP - ICP), and laser-Doppler CBF were measured in anesthetized infe...

Leishmania mexicana cysteine peptidases (CPs) have been identified as important parasite virulence factors. More recently, a natural inhibitor of CPs (ICP) from L. mexicana has been characterized, and ICP mutants have been created. Infection of BALB/c mice with ICP null mutants or ICP reexpressing mutants resulted in nonhealing, progressively growing lesions albeit slightly attenuated compared ...

BACKGROUND In animal cells, cytokinesis begins shortly after the sister chromatids move to the spindle poles. The inner centromere protein (Incenp)has been implicated in both chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, but it is not known exactly how it mediates these two distinct processes. RESULTS We identified two Caenorhabditis elegans proteins, ICP-1 and ICP-2, with significant homology in t...

background: in this study the haemolymph components of infected and none infected lymnaea gedrosiana with xiphidiocercaria larvae was compared. methods: five hundred fifty lymnaea snails were collected from ilam and mazandaran prov­inces, iran, during 2008-2009. the snails were transported to the lab at tehran university of medi­cal sciences and their cercarial sheddings were studied. haemolmyp...

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The microbial and host factors that contribute to the development of increased ICP are poorly understood. We found that phenotypic switch variants of Cryptococcus neoformans (smooth and mucoid) differed in their abilities to promote increased ICP in a rat model of cr...