conclusion the identification of immunodominant proteins adapted to the physiological and genetic conditions of the host is an appropriate diagnostic approach, which could be associated with improved sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests. results four immunodominant proteins (23, 28, 30, 41 kda) were recognized with strongyloidiasis sera in 0.1 diluted serum. none of the proteins react...

Simulium yahense black flies infected with microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus were kept in a defined insectary environment in Liberia, West Africa. A daily sample of infected flies was dissected for larvae developing in the thoracic muscles and examined for growth in stadial development. Microfilariae ingested by black flies transformed to the L1 larval stage without molting. Successive larval...

Lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease caused by the mosquito-borne nematodes Brugia and Wuchereria. About 120 million people are infected and at risk of lymphatic pathology such as acute lymphangitis and elephantiasis. Vaccines against filariasis must generate immunity to the infective mosquito-derived third-stage larva (L3) without accentuating immunopathogenic responses to lymphati...

In 2004, a new concept was introduced for simplifying identification of larvae of the common nematodes of cattle, sheep and goats that comprises estimates of the lengths of the sheath tail extensions of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of each genus and/or species to that of Trichostrongylus spp., instead of having to be dependent only on measurements in micrometre. For example, if the mean le...

the use of resistant cultivars remains one of the most reliable methods to manage the pests. in this study the mechanism of resistance in 10 lines of rice for 3 kinds of resistance (antixenoses, antibioses and tolerance) was studied. the egg set of striped stem borer on the leaf of considered lines for antixenoses and larva weight mean and survival percentage of larva were evaluated for antibio...

BACKGROUND Detection of filarial DNA in mosquitoes by PCR cannot differentiate infective mosquitoes from infected mosquitoes. In order to evaluate transmission risk an assay is needed that can specifically detect infective L3 stage parasites. We now report the development of an assay that specifically detects the infective stage of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes. The assay detects an L3-act...

The infective stage of Haemonchus contortus, the third-stage larva, retains the secondstage larval cuticle. Exsheathment takes place in the rumen of the host (Somerville, 1954), under the influence of a number of factors, chiefly unionized carbonic acid and dissolved gaseous carbon dioxide (Rogers, 1960). The ensheathed larva survives desiccation, but, if caused to exsheathe by appropriate trea...

A recently reported chitinase gene, expressed in the infective, third-stage (L3) larvae of the human filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus, belongs to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases and has been designated Ov-chi-1. The gene product of Ov-chi-1 is chitinolytic. Allosamidin ablates activity of the native enzyme in a dose-dependent manner but did not significantly inhibit the moulting of L3 la...

Proteases have a significant role in the life cycle of parasites and the pathogen-host relationship, being regarded as important virulence factors. In the parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum proteolytic activity was measured during in vitro development from third larval stage (L3) to mature adult, using DQ red casein as a fluorogenic substrate. Proteolytic activity was detected in all t...

SINGH M., KANAGASUNTHERAM R., Ho B.-C., YAP E.-H. and CHAN H.-L. 1975. Some aspects of the fine structure of the nervous system of the infective larva of Breinliu sergenti (Nematoda: Filarioidea). International Journalfor Parasitology 5: 165-170. The fine structure of some nervous elements of the infective larva of Breinliu sergenti has been studied. Both clear nerve cells and neurosecretory ce...