Background and Objectives: Corruption is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon emerging when people misuse their power for personal gain. The current study aimed to delve into the causes of corruption in hospitals and anti-corruption preventive measures. Methods: In this review study, national and international databases were searched using the keywords “corruption”, “health” and “hospital” an...

The off-observed inverse relationship between economic activity in the formal or informal sector and levels of fertility is attributed to the opportunity costs of reproduction. The economic and social policies that initiate and maintain the substantial flow of federal transfer payments to the Puerto Rican population is likely to reduce the opportunity costs among women participating in the info...

This paper estimates total expenditure on health care in Poland in 1994 and provides new evidence on high levels of private spending on health care. The analysis shows that health care expenditures in Poland are higher than has usually been maintained, and are comparable with the prevailing levels in many other European countries. Private expenditure on health is a significant proportion of tot...

The 'watch dog' role of the media, the impact of migration processes, health care access for children in developing countries, mitigation of the effects of Global Warming are typical examples of governance issues – issues to be tackled at the base; issues to be solved by creating and implementing effective policy. students to pave the road for innovative policy developments in Europe and the wo...

good for patients and a tool for promoting practice federation, the key to modernising primary care. Combining this with a clamp on primary care funding appears illogical but ensures that more and more partners will be replaced by assistants until partnerships become neither viable nor identifiable. When partners themselves demand a salaried service, no doubt to be managed by private healthcare...