Background: Kenya has made a policy decision to use contributory health insurance as one of its key pre-payment health financing mechanisms. The National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) is the main health insurer in Kenya. While the NHIF has hitherto focused its efforts on providing health insurance coverage to individuals in the formal sector, it has recently broadened its focus to include indi...

Urban water systems in Asia and Africa mostly provide intermittent rather than continuous water supplies; such systems compromise water quality and inconvenience the user. Starting in 2008, an upgrade to continuous (24/7) water services was provided for 10% of the twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad, India, through a process of privatisation and formalisation. The goals were to improve water quality, ...

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu's informal settlements that hinder provision and upt...

The Demand for, and Consequences of, Formalization among Informal Firms in Sri Lanka The majority of firms in most developing countries are informal. We conducted a field experiment in Sri Lanka which provided incentives for informal firms to formalize. Offering only information about the registration process and reimbursement for direct registration costs had no impact on formalization. Adding...

The evidence of the impact of informal care provision on the health of carers presents a complex and contested picture, depending on the characteristics of the care studied, including its duration, which has been relatively short in previous research (up to 4 years). Drawing on data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study, a 1% sample of linked Census records for respondents ...

background equity of access to health and provider payment mechanism in healthcare is a worldwide debated. healthcare reforms are primarily designed to improve productivity, economic efficiency and quality of care; however, an appropriate reimbursement of healthcare providers for services offered to patients and marinating a robust payment mechanism are not elucidated yet. conclusions no single...

This paper explores the association between informal economy and adoption of central bank digital currency (CBDC) by end users, namely households businesses. Our findings suggest that CBDC may not be widely accepted users in presence a sizable which cash is primary method payment. can decrease informality, but this effect becomes weaker countries with larger economies. Tax reduction interest ra...

INTRODUCTION this study aims to quantify the annual cost of illness of stroke to the UK economy. METHODS we estimate the cost of stroke from a societal perspective. Direct care costs include diagnosis, inpatient care and outpatient care. Income loss and social benefit payments to stroke patients are accounted for in the indirect cost calculations. Data from South London Stroke Register and a ...

BACKGROUND Universal Health Coverage seeks to assure that everyone can obtain the health services they need without financial hardship. Countries which rely heavily on out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, including informal payments (IP), to finance total health expenditures are not likely to achieve universal coverage. The Republic of Moldova is committed to promoting universal coverage, reducing ine...

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıkta informal ödemeler konusunda yapılan çalışmaların temalarını belirlemektir. amaçla, 01.01.1997-03.06.2023 tarihleri arasını kapsayan Web of Science veri tabanında "informal payment" ve "health" anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak "topic" seçeneğiyle bir arama yapılmıştır. Toplamda 324 yayın analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için R programı bibliometrix paketi tematik...