This paper revisits the two-hop forwarding policy in delay tolerant networks (DTNs) and provides a rich study of their performance and optimization which includes (i) Derivation of closed form expressions for the main performance measures such as success delivery probability of a packet (or a message) within a given deadline. (ii) A study of competitive and cooperative operations of DTNs and de...

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are wireless mobile networks that do not guarantee the existence of a path between a source and a destination at any time. When two nodes move within each other’s transmission range during a period of time, they can contact each other. The contact of nodes can be periodical, predictable and nonpredictable. In this paper, we assume the contact of nodes is nonpredic...

People have been shown to delay decision making to wait for missing noninstrumental attribute information — information that would not have altered their decision if known at the outset — with this delay originally attributed to uncertainty obscuring one’s true preference (Bastardi & Shafir, 1998). To test this account, relative to an alternative that delay arises from low confidence in one’s p...

People have been shown to delay decision making to wait for missing noninstrumental attribute information — information that would not have altered their decision if known at the outset — with this delay originally attributed to uncertainty obscuring one’s true preference (Bastardi & Shafir, 1998). To test this account, relative to an alternative that delay arises from low confidence in one’s p...

this article proposes a direct method for solving three types of integral equations with time delay. by using operational matrix of integration, integral equations can be reduced to a linear lower triangular system which can be directly solved by forward substitution. numerical examples shows that the proposed scheme have a suitable degree of accuracy.

Peak travel times contribute to congestion formation at freeway work zones. Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) can inform drivers in real-time about the delays and en-route provide information an alternative route a destination. Different ATIS display strategies are available; however, road authorities lack insights into how time methods sign characteristics influence driving behavior...

Previous studies have shown that neurons of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) integrate information across modalities and maintain it throughout the delay period of working-memory (WM) tasks. However, the mechanisms of this temporal integration in the DLPFC are still poorly understood. In the present study, to further elucidate the role of the DLPFC in crossmodal WM, we trained monk...

All higher order central nervous systems exhibit spontaneous neural activity, though the purpose and mechanistic origin of such activity remains poorly understood. We explore the ignition and spread of collective spontaneous electrophysiological burst activity in networks of cultured cortical neurons growing on microelectrode arrays using information theory and first-spike-in-burst analysis met...

Fisher’s information matrix for delay (which corresponds to range), Doppler (range rate), and higher derivatives was recently presented by Schultheiss and Weinstein [l], [2]. Its inverse, which provides a lower bound on the error covariance matrix, was obtained Manuscript received March 9, 1983; revised April 29, 1983 and May 12, 1983. The author is with Tel-Aviv University, Israel, on leave at...