Scientific (disunity) pluralism is the view according to which there is a plurality of scientific domains and of scientific theories, and these theories are empirically adequate relative to their own respective domains. Scientific monism is the view according to which there is a single domain to which all scientific theories apply. How are these views impacted by the presence of inconsistent sc...

Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) developed an expansive theory of toleration in his Commentaire philosophique (1686) by arguing that tolerance is a universal principle natural law. However, situating...

Isoindolines are synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of N-(2-iodobenzyl) anilines with α,β-unsaturated N-tosylhydrazones. The reaction has several potential advantages: (1) toleration of a wide range of functional groups, (2) easy to handle and with mild conditions, (3) enriches the isoindoline family, (4) two new bonds form in one step.

Being able to accurately estimate inherent optical properties (IOPs) at long time scales is key comprehending the aquatic biological and biogeochemical responses long-term global climate change. We employed near-infrared band combined it with four “common bands” visible wavelengths (around 443, 490, 551, 670 nm) adjust IOPs data processing system, IDAS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Mat...