background and aims: rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using sui...

background and aims: influenza vaccination is one of the best way to prevent and control influenza worldwide. it is manufactured by who-licensed companies based on the who expertise committee annually. the aim of this study was partial quality control of the commercial human influenza vaccine 2008-9 and its matching with the circulating strains. materials and methods: the trivalent imported vac...

a dot immunobinding assay ( dia) was used for a quantitative and qualitative assay of rubella antibody. purified antigen and conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin (rahlg) were prepared. nitrocellulose paper dotted with the antigen was added to serially diluted sera or blood samples. the reacting antibodies were visualized by a peroxidase system. development of a colored insoluble substrate was t...

background and aims: vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. mass vaccination campaigns and expanded program of immunization (epi) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as congenital rubella syndrome (crs)....

background and aims: influenza a virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. h1 and h3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds’ population. to determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in tehran were investigated for virus infection. methods: in this study, between november 2008 and febru...

Heterotheca inuloides Cass. (Asteraceae) is used in the traditional medicine of Mexico. The aqueous extract obtained from the flowers of H. inuloides was assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced edema test. At 100 mg/kg, i.p, it produced 29% inhibition of inflammation. Ethyl ether (HI-1), butanol (HI-2) and aqueous fraction (HI-3) were obtained from the aqueous extract. Th...

Background and Purpose—Nuclear factorB (NFB) is an important regulator of inflammation and apoptosis. We showed previously that NFB inhibition by intraperitoneal TAT-NBD treatment strongly reduced neonatal hypoxic– ischemic (HI) brain damage. Neuroprotection by TAT-NBD was not associated with inhibition of cerebral cytokine production. We investigated how tumor necrosis factor(TNF) production i...

an indirect enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for screening of antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). antigen was prepared from whole-purified ibv massachusetts serotype (br 801 strain). optimum dilution with minimum background for antigen concentration, rabbit anti-chicken conjugate and sera in developed elisa was determined 0.1μg/ml, 1:3000 and 1:100, respe...

An indirect enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for screening of antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Antigen was prepared from whole-purified IBV Massachusetts serotype (BR 801 strain). Optimum dilution with minimum background for antigen concentration, rabbit anti-chicken conjugate and sera in developed ELISA was determined 0.1μg/ml, 1:3000 and 1:100, respe...

199 human serum samples were examined for the presence of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 (mpi 3)haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies. or tbe total male sera, 75% and female 70.52% had hi antibody titers of t:32 or greater. the percentage of positive samples increased according to the age grouping of the human beings. these results indicate that mpi 3 virus infection is widespread among the h...