background: the etiologic cause in near one third of male factor infertility is unknown. the percentage of men with idiopathic infertility who have been successfully treated by the empirical therapeutic modalities is not high. objective: the aim of this study was to assay the effect of l-carnitine on sperm parameters in patients who needs intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) as a method for ...

abscess formation following intramuscular injections is rare and they are most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals. in this case series we present a cohort of three patients presented to us in a critically ill condition with an abscess due to intramuscular injection. vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all three patients. these patients posed a major challeng...

background and aims: adenovector gene transfer induces inflammatory response that finally leads to vector removal from delivered site. the effect of hydrodynamic pre-injection on adenovector mediated liver inflammation remained elusive. materials and methods: different mice groups were pre-treated by hydrodynamic saline, dexamethasone or nothing prior to adeno-luciferase administration. their s...

background and objective: bruising is the most common complications that resulting from subcutaneous heparin injection. it causes the limitation of injection area, anxiety, disruption of body image, refusing treatment in patients and the reduction in patients trust in nurse. although different methods were suggested to lessen these unwanted complications, unfortunately none of them could decrea...

flushing is a condition with episodic attacks of redness of the skin with a sensation of warmth or burning, this disease causes emotional and functional problems in patients. there is various treatments for this condition; one of them is the use of botulinum toxin-a (bta). in this prospective pilot study we studied the effect of botulinum toxin-a (bta) effect on dlqi of patients with facial flu...

conclusions due to the good tolerance of patients towards topical anesthesia, pouring a drop of povidone-iodine 10% seems to be a simple and acceptable method to reduce the growth of microorganisms of the conjunctiva. background postoperative endophthalmitis is one the most serious complications of cataract surgery. the majority of causative organisms in this destructive infection come from the...

purpose: to evaluate the adverse effects of intravitreal injection of sterile chloramphenicol eye drops on corneal endothelial cells of donated corneas. methods: 100 donor corneas were enrolled in the study. one eye of each donor underwent intravitreal injection of sterile chloramphenicol eye drops following vitreous tap and the fellow eyes were served as controls. after corneo-scleral excision...