background ankle injuries are one of the most common presentations in emergency department. ottawa ankle rules (oars) have been used to predict the requirement of radiographs. objectives this study aimed to validate the oars protocol for predicting ankle and midfoot fractures in indian population. patients and methods a prospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital in north india, duri...

aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug, peroxyl radical scavenger, and antioxidant agent that inhibits phospholipases, nitric oxide synthetases, and cyclooxygenase enzymes. the existing literature contains no studies on the effects of various doses of aspirin on spinal cord injury (sci). therefore, we sought to investigate the putative effects of aspirin on experimental sci. the weight-drop injur...

discussion the prevalence of mtss was relatively lower in this study comparing to other studies on military personnel. it was not probably due to type of military shoes or exercise area surface (none of them were standardized); it could be due to low intensity trainings and the long intervals between training sessions. results data of all the 181 subjects with the mean age of 30.7 ± 4.68 years ...

when intracranial pressure (icp) was uncontrollable among patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (stbi) and especially if it raises above 40 mmhg 100% morality was reported. eighty four percent of head injured patients would die if their initial icp is greater than 25 mm hg. decreasing icp through decompressive craniectomy (dc) theoretically may revert increased icp to normal and decreas...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is caused by rapid deformation of the brain, resulting in a cascade of pathological events and ultimately neurodegeneration. in vitro models of tbi can help us to describe the pathobiological mechanisms. in vitro models of brain injury support a platform for performing repeatable, well-controlled, environmentally isolated experiments. other advantages of in vitro mo...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the most common neurological diseases with no definite treatment. erythropoietin (epo) and progesterone (prog) have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in different types of experimental brain injury models. this study was designed to determine the effect of epo, prog and combination of epo/prog on neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury. ...

background & aim: using pharmaceutical agents in treatment of aphasia has caught the attention of many neurologists and neuroscientists. this short review study has sought the role of pharmacotherapy in treatment of aphasia, a linguistic impairment after acquired brain lesions. the pharmacological principles and mechanisms related to the effects of drugs used in aphasia rehabilitation are point...

conclusions available data implies that restorative therapies should focus on multiple targets and different intervals after injury. yet, if we understand the key and basic origin of the injury, we may develop effective, complete, safe, and continual procedures. materials and methods we downloaded and reviewed more than 170 full textbooks and articles in english from the literature pubmed, and ...

to determine the prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiencies after moderate traumatic brain injury (tbi). we conducted a prospective cohort and included 75 patients with moderate tbi with gcs between 9 and 13 who referred to emergency department of shariati hospital, tehran/iran, during 2004-2007. pituitary hormones were assessed 3 and 6 months after injury. in 3rd month post-injury, 39 cases ...

seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ros generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have been proposed to have a crucial role. we aim to determine the sources of seizure-induced ros and ...