We report on the fabrication of photo-patterned structures with sub-micron feature sizes in a sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid material. Patterns with a high level of design complexity are presented, in the form of a diffractive optically variable device. We also demonstrate how the material can serve as a matrix for nano-scale components, via the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. It i...

In this tutorial review the process and applications of peptide self-assembly into nanotubes, nanospheres, nanofibrils, nanotapes, and other ordered structures at the nano-scale are discussed. The formation of well-ordered nanostructures by a process of self-association represents the essence of modern nanotechnology. Such self-assembled structures can be formed by a variety of building blocks,...

Application of litter and other organic by-products to agricultural land off site of animal production facilities has created both environmental concerns and agro-economic opportunities, but limited long-term, field-scale data are available to guide management decisions. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the water quality effects of repeated annual poultry litter application as...

Nanoparticles with unique catalytic, electronic, magnetic, optical and optoelectronic properties provide functional building blocks for organization into spatially well-defined assemblies, allowing for the possible extension of desirable properties of these nanoscale entities to the macroscopic level and the realization of complex devices. In the past decade, ‘bricksand-mortar’ assembly strateg...

In this work the synthesis of polyaniline/chitosan/functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is carried out. For this purpose single -walled carbon nanotubes were reacted with thionyl chloride to change the hydroxyl to acyl chloride groups for improving the react ability. In other step, aniline monomers and chitosan were polymerized in the presence of Iron (III) chloride to sy...

In this work the synthesis of polyaniline/chitosan/functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is carried out. For this purpose single -walled carbon nanotubes were reacted with thionyl chloride to change the hydroxyl to acyl chloride groups for improving the react ability. In other step, aniline monomers and chitosan were polymerized in the presence of Iron (III) chloride to sy...

The operating characteristics of six full-scale wastewater treatment plants using the staged, closed loop bioreactor process known as orbal were evaluated to determine the degree of simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) occurring. Low effluent total nitrogen concentrations indicate that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurs reliably in these facilities. The use of SRT ...

Pruritus is a common and bothersome problem among uremic patients which negatively affects life quality and prognosis of the patient. Various factors are known to be involved in the development of pruritus. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and the factors which may have relationship with uremic pruritus, especially bone mineral metabolism indicators. Current cross-sectional stu...

During the years 1942 through 1945 the author was given the assignment of directing a research program on fat formation in yeast. The work resulted in the first full-scale production of a fat-enriched yeast from sulfite liquor in 1944, and a summary of the data obtained was published (Schulze, 1951). The yeast was being produced at one of the largest paper mills in Germany. The process used was...

At the occasion of the fiftieth birthday of the introduction of the term ‘metal atom cluster’ by F. A. Cotton in inorganic chemistry, it is the good time to make a review on the advances in the engineering of molecular assemblies and nanomaterials based on octahedral Re6 metal atom clusters. The latter exhibit unique intrinsic structural and physicochemical properties (orthogonal disposition of...