Malaria vector control is primarily insecticide based and relies on indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets (LLINs). These interventions have generally proved effective where appropriately implemented. However, the increasing incidence of insecticide resistance in target vector populations can, and in several cases already has, undermined ...

Ten insecticide formulations. including five ear tags containing pyrethroids, were tested against field populations of Tabanus abactor Philip. The most effective insecticide was the 1.0% pcrmethrin pour-on which caused greater than 55% mortality of exposed specimens through 2 weeks. The 10% permcthrin ear tag produced 79 and 55% mortality of T. abaclor 2 and 3 weeks after application, respectiv...

The spread of resistance to pyrethroids in the major Afrotropical malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. necessitates the development of new strategies to control resistant mosquito populations. To test the efficacy of nets treated with repellent and insecticide against susceptible and insecticide-resistant An. gambiae mosquito populations, we impregnated mosquito bed nets with an insect repell...

The evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is threatening the effectiveness and sustainability of malaria control programs in various parts of the world. Through their unique mode of action, entomopathogenic fungi provide promising alternatives to chemical control. However, potential interactions between fungal infection and insecticide resistance, such as cross-resistance, have not ...

In response to years of intense selection pressure by organophosphate insecticides, several different insecticide resistance mechanisms have evolved in natural populations of the mosquito Culex pipiens. We examined interactions between two of the most important mechanisms using a four-compartment model of insecticide pharmacokinetics. The joint effect of different mechanisms of resistance can b...

The traditional indoor spraying technique to control Anopheles albimanus mosquitos was compared with a selective method that targets their preferred resting sites in coastal villages of southern Mexico. We also determined whether mosquitos changed their preferred resting sites following insecticide applications. In the selective spraying approach, two 1-m wide horizontal swaths of bendiocarb in...

This review study envisages the role of insecticide-elicited mosquito behaviour for disease eradication programmes. Changes in due to insecticides may, at times, be more practical importance than actual lethal effect insecticide, especially if these changes help disrupt contact between man and mosquito. Two important aspects behaviour, either repellency or irritability biting patterns response ...

BACKGROUND Developing scientifically valid, economically acceptable insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs is critical for sustainable insect management. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), has demonstrated an ability to develop resistance to many different classes of insecticides, including proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). Recently ...

Exogenous vertebrate-derived factors circulating in the blood have the capacity to modulate the biology of haematophagous insects. These include insulin, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ). The effects of the consumption of these three proteins were examined on laboratory strains of Anopheles arabiensis. SENN, an insecticide susceptible strain and SENN DDT, a...

Metal exposure is one of the commonest anthropogenic pollutants mosquito larvae are exposed to, both in agricultural and urban settings. As members of the Anopheles gambiae complex, which contains several major malaria vector species including An. arabiensis, are increasingly adapting to polluted environments, this study examined the effects of larval metal exposure on various life history trai...