BACKGROUND Intravaginal practices (IVP) (cleansing or introducing products inside the vagina for hygiene, health or to please sexual partners) are common among women with HIV. IVP increase the risk of developing bacterial Vaginosis (BV), the most common genital infection associated with transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV. This study tested a pilot intervention to reduce IVP...

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of firms engaging in global value chains (GVCs) and suffering from financial constraints on innovation. To explore this relationship, study relies firm-level data World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) for 146 countries during period between 2006 2020. The aim is to empirically link two literature strands, one GVC participation that constraints, examine the...

BACKGROUND Intravaginal practices (IVP) are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan African and have been implicated as risk factors for HIV acquisition. However, types of IVP vary between populations, and detailed information on IVP among women at risk for HIV in different populations is needed. We investigated IVP among women who practice transactional sex in two populations: semi-urban, facility wor...

This note deals with a class of covariates that tends to amplify confounding bias in the analysis of causal effects. This class, recently discovered by Wooldridge (2009), includes instrumental variables and variables that have greater influence on treatment selection than on the outcome. We extend the results of Wooldridge by considering non-linear models and show that, 1. the bias-amplifying p...

probabilistic approach of traffic assignment has been primarily developed to provide a more realistic and flexible theoretical framework to represent traveler’s route choice behavior in a transportation network. the problem of path overlapping in network modelling has been one of the main issues to be tackled. due to its flexible covariance structure, probit model can adequately address the pro...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in birth weight and gestation length between Japanese Black calves obtained from transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro (IVP) and those developed in vivo (IVD). An additional objective was to clarify the sire effect on birth weight and gestation length and to examine the birth rate of heavier calves. Two Japanese Black bulls breed at ou...

Probabilistic approach of traffic assignment has been primarily developed to provide a more realistic and flexible theoretical framework to represent traveler’s route choice behavior in a transportation network. The problem of path overlapping in network modelling has been one of the main issues to be tackled. Due to its flexible covariance structure, probit model can adequately address the pro...

Background. Undirected graphical models or Markov random fields (MRFs) are very popular for modeling multivariate probability distributions. A considerable amount of work on MRFs has focused on modeling continuous variables and unordered categorical variables also called as nominal variables. However, data from many real world applications involve ordered categorical variables also called as or...

The logistic normal distribution has recently been adapted via the transformation of multivariate Gaussian variables to model the topical distribution of documents in the presence of correlations among topics. In this paper, we propose a probit normal alternative approach to modelling correlated topical structures. Our use of the probit model in the context of topic discovery is novel, as many ...