results all the frames that were examined leaded to significant framing effects: when the asia disease problem was described in a positive frame, the participants preferred the conservative frame than the risky one, while if in a negative frame, the preference reversed (p < 0.01). if the drug effect was described as “of 100 patients taking this kind of medicine, 70 patients became better”, peop...

Emotion has been both lauded and vilified for its role in decision making. How are people able to ensure that helpful emotions guide decision making and irrelevant emotions are kept out of decision making? The orbitofrontal cortex has been identified as a neural area involved in incorporating emotion into decision making. Is this area's function specific to the integration of emotion and cognit...

An integrated approach to reservoir, irrigation, and cropping management which links four di€erent modelsÐa hydrologic model (PRMS), a crop growth simulation model (EPIC), an economic model based on linear programming, and a dynamic programming modelÐis developed and demonstrated. The demonstration is based on an irrigation district located in a subhumid climate with an irrigation reservoir lar...

1. Artificial Intelligence and Human Reasoning: The Need for a Critical Review of Implemented Systems. 2. The Legal Decision: Limitations of the Computer Approach. 3. Expertise and Documentation. 4. Models of Integrated Systems; 4.1. Integration between Expert System and Hypertext Program, with an Advisory-Decision Making Approach; 4.2 Integration between Expert System and Hypertext Program, wi...

We investigated how frequency and amount of punishment affect the decision making of Iranian subjects. In our first experiment, performing a computer-based Persian version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), our subjects scored remarkably lower than their Western counterparts. Moreover, our subjects chose more frequently and more rapidly from decks that had less frequent but larger amounts of puni...

Decision-making is a complex executive function that draws on past experience, present goals, and anticipation of outcome, and which is influenced by prevailing and predicted emotional tone and cultural context. Functional imaging investigations and focal lesion studies identify the orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices as critical to decision-making. The autho...

While Program A (“200 people will be saved”) was chosen 72% of the time, its counterpart Program C (“400 people will die”) got only 22% of the participants’ votes. Whereas from a layman’s perspective, this finding may seem unsurprising, it is of considerable academic interest, because it causes a major embarrassment to the classical view on decision making. The trouble is that on this view ther...

implementation of the risk management concepts into construction practice may enhance the performance of project by taking appropriate response actions against identified risks. this research proposes a multi-criteria group decision making approach for the evaluation of different alternative response scenarios. to take into account the uncertainties inherent in evaluation process, fuzzy logic i...

Group-based decision-making situations are relevant to Engineering Management practice. To assist group decision making, specialized computer-based tools called Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) have been promoted since the late 1980s. Nevertheless, a review of the extensive research on GDSS design and evaluation reveals that an integrated framework is not available to evaluate the decision...