Pakistan is a prolonged user of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) resources under medium-term support arrangements that began in 1982 to address recurring external economic problems and ensure stability through reforms. Initially, ruling regimes each these times had reservations about certain IMF conditions, but they were ultimately compelled into having an arrangement by harsh domestic rea...

IMF policies have been widely criticized in the aftermath of the Asian crisis. Key critics questioned the appropriateness and the sequencing of financial liberalization programs which, along with insufficient monitoring and inadequate prudential regulations, left the financial sectors of the affected countries highly leveraged and exposed. This paper examines the impacts of similar reforms on t...

The transformation of global development models from industrialization, technocratic, scientific, and information to economic free trade are emerging in the globalization era. Fundamentally, theories explore reasons for poor countries their strategies towards development, which rich adopt order alleviate poorest. Many thinkers, economists, philosophers, scientists unable confirm best models. Th...

Redesigning the WTO for the 21 Century November 9, 2009 The Program in International Finance and Economic Policy (IFEP) at the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), in conjunction with Columbia University’s Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Study Center, presented a panel discussion about the present and future of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Debra Steger, Professo...

The 20th Century witnessed the fastest globalisation of the world economy in the history of capitalism, most nations in the world are now linked in a combined world system but with polarised and unequal development and power. The increasing power and authority of the transnational capital with the help of state and super-state institution like WTO, IMF and World Bank is a main feature of this s...

This study aims to analyze the effect of exchange rates, inflation, exports and imports on economic growth in Belgium for period 2002-2020. The method used this research is multiple linear regression with f test partial test. Exchange rate data taken from CBR (Central Bank Russia), GDP, world bank, inflation IMF. results show that rate, together have a positive GDP Belgium. Partially, has signi...