The lessons of the history past genocidal incidents expose that educated and leaders, collectively called ‘intellectuals’, have often been a distinct target by perpetrators. Bengali intellectuals were also targeted killed Pakistani military its local collaborators during 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. As genocide, committed collaborators, is still internationally overlooked, issue killing such...

wide-ranging sociological studies have been conducted on the history of iranian intellectuality and modernism. the findings jointly acknowledge that due to communication with the west and following the effects that was received from modernism, the first generation of iranian intellectualism was emerged. it is said that having benefited from the translated works in its general concept, i.e. incl...

Abstract How does a crisis of the state and its ‘emergency politics’ lead to intellectual, or what it mean be an intellectual in our contemporary conjuncture beyond Western clichés universalistic bias their declinist arguments? In responding these questions, we draw upon data collected from Turkish Syrian academics living exile argue that critical commitments exiled intellectuals presume are un...

Epistemic hubris—the expression of unwarranted factual certitude—is a conspicuous yet understudied democratic hazard. Here, in two nationally representative studies, we examine its features and analyze variance. We hypothesize, find, that epistemic hubris is (a) prevalent, (b) bipartisan, (c) associated with both intellectualism (an identity marked by ruminative habits learning for own sake) an...