The precision of image synthesis techniques for rendering naturalistic scenes often works contrary to the realism of the everyday world. Pristine, crystalline, uniform and perfect may describe the most idealized computer images: the surfaces are smooth, neat and crisp in appearance. Efforts to produce realism have recently focused on light and the interaction of light with surfaces. The radiosi...

The purpose of the present paper is to develop light beam method to measurement of interfacial area in a rectangular gas-liquid bubble column. Total interfacial area can be determined in bubble column filled by transparent liquid by light transmission method. According to pervious researches, the fraction of parallel light is function of interfacial area and optical path l...

PANDA2, a computer program for the minimum-weight design of elastic perfect and imperfect stiffened cylindrical panels and shells under multiple sets of combined loads, is used to obtain optimum designs of uniformly axially compressed elastic internal T-ring and external T-stringer stiffened cylindrical shells with initial imperfections in the form of the general buckling mode. The optimum desi...

In Chapter 1, we seek to understand the relation between liquidity and market imperfections from two dimensions: 1) Across liquidity measures, we compare the influence of imperfections on two commonly used measures, Kyle's lambda and price reversal; 2) Across imperfections, we study the interaction between two sources of market imperfection, information asymmetry and participation cost. We show...

In many different industries, such as chemical industry, plastic industry and especially in rubber industry, there are systems with random parameters. It is well-known in case of the systems with determined parameters that the systems can be either stable or unstable. But, in case of the random parameters the systems can be stable, unstable, or stable with some probability. The stability proble...

Low-energy forward-recoil spectrometry studies show that the interface between polystyrene sAd and a miscible blend of two poly(styrene-co-4-bromostyrene)s sB:Cd has an interfacial excess of B, z B, where B is the component with the lower bromostyrene level. At 170 ±C, z B increases with the bulk volume fraction of B, fB`, has a maximum near 0.25, and then decreases. These results are in qualit...

Dielectric reflectors that are periodic in one or two dimensions, also known as 1D and 2D photonic crystals, have been widely studied for many potential applications due to the presence of wavelength-tunable photonic bandgaps. However, the unique optical behavior of photonic crystals is based on theoretical models of perfect analogues. Little is known about the practical effects of dielectric i...

Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding has been extensively applied to enhancing oil recovery. As an oil displacement agent, pe1troleum sulfonate (PS) is widely used in ASP pilot experiments. It is very important to find a petroleum sulfonate with a high interfacial activity and low adsorption loss. Anionic surfactant petroleum sulfonate is synthesized in a single-tube film sulfonation reac...

this paper reports on preparation of polyamide membrane with addition of silver nanoparticles (agnps). agnps act as antibacterial agents that are less susceptible to membrane’s biofouling by interfacial polymerization (ip) method. agnps was synthesized via green route which has been reported previously. attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (atr-ftir), field emiss...