background: salivary gland tumors are among malignancies that have high recurrence rate. immune responses in salivary gland tumors have not been well elucidated. t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cytokines have been reported to play a role in the outcome of head and neck cancers. objective: to evaluate the serum levels of interferon gamma (ifn- γ), as the hallmark of th1 cytokines, and interleukin-...

Tuberculosis (TB) cellular immune responses were examined in the breast milk of human immunodeficiency virus infected mothers using the T-SPOT. TB interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Positive TB interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses were detected in 6 of 8 (75%) valid breast milk assays. Among 7 mothers with paired breast milk and blood assays, TB IFN-γ responses were higher in breast milk than...

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are a key regulator of the immune response, and interferon- beta (IFN-β) is considered an immunomodulatory molecule for DC. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of IFN-β treated DC to induce cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells. Methods: Dendritic cells were generated from blood monocytes with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating fac...

Introduction:To evaluate the role of allergic-type and infectious-type cytokines in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) Materials and Methods:We investigated serum levels of interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, along with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 35 children with OME and 28 healthy contr...

Invasive fungal diseases are a major cause of death in renal allograft recipients. We previously reported that adjunctive recombinant human interferon-γ therapy has clinical utility for invasive fungal diseases after renal transplantation. We have now developed a rapid peripheral blood-based quantitative real-time PCR assay that enables accurate profiling of cytokine imbalances. Our preliminary...

Activated macrophages play a central role in controlling inflammatory responses to infection and are tightly regulated to rapidly mount responses to infectious challenge. Type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-α/β]) and type II interferon (IFN-γ) play a crucial role in activating macrophages and subsequently restricting viral infections. Both types of IFNs signal through related but dist...