If one is to exploit the notion of interlanguage in error diagnosis systems, a precise definition of this concept is useful. We will define interlanguage set theoretically, on two different levels. A comparison of a first language and a target language on the X^-level makes it possible to compare structural similarity between languages, and a comparison on the Vx-level enables an explication of...

this study investigated the effectiveness of explicit pragmatic instruction on the acquisition of requests by college-level english as foreign language (efl) learners in taiwan. the goal was to determine first whether the use of explicit pragmatic instruction had a positive effect on efl learners’ pragmatic competence. second, the relative effectiveness of presenting pragmatics through two deli...

research on l2 learners’ success at development and appropriate use of pragmatic ability and knowledge has mostly approached the issue from a cognitive or social perspective, and less attention has been devoted to the problem from the equally important emotional or individual-psychological lenses. this study sought to explore, first, the interplay between iranian advanced efl learners’ pragmati...

l2 research has shown that instruction in l2 pragmatics is necessary. the current study evaluated the impact of explicit instruction on efl learner's awareness and production of three speech acts of request, apology, and complaint. it also probed whether learners’ language proficiency plays any role in incorporating pragmatic instruction into the l2 classroom. iranian undergraduate student...

The present research study, based on a systematic procedure, investigates the impact of the illocu- tionary and locutionary forces of the pragmatic competence on the Iranian male and female language teaching juniors. By virtue of gaining a persuasive and forceful ultimate goal of this study 400 lan- guage teaching Iranian juniors attended this study. Phase 1 witnessed a T-test where 60 males an...

The paper tries to build a bridge between results in commonsense reasoning and inferential theories of meaning. We focus on the problem of communication and the contrast between two views of communication, the “expressive” view and the “convergence” view. According to the convergence view (and local holism which supports it) the meaning of a sentence is the set of inferences to which speakers c...